Buu, AnneAnneBuuCai, ZhanruiZhanruiCaiLi, RunzeRunzeLiSU-WEI WONGLin, Hsien-ChangHsien-ChangLinSu, Wei-ChungWei-ChungSuJorenby, Douglas EDouglas EJorenbyPiper, Megan EMegan EPiper2023-07-212023-07-212021-08-1814622203https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/634001Existing e-cigarette dependence scales are mainly validated based on retrospective overall consumption or perception. Further, given that the majority of adult e-cigarette users also use combustible cigarettes, it is important to determine whether e-cigarette dependence scales capture the product-specific dependence. This study fills in the current knowledge gaps by validating e-cigarette dependence scales using novel indices of dynamic patterns of e-cigarette use behaviors and examining the association between dynamic patterns of smoking and e-cigarette dependence among dual users.enjournal article10.1093/ntr/ntab050337589492-s2.0-85116957795https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85116957795