MEI-HWEI CHANGChen D.-S.Chen D.-S.2021-01-042021-01-0420152157-1422https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923913790&doi=10.1101%2fcshperspect.a021493&partnerID=40&md5=78b9525dc3524da89c7f436075613f27https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/536951Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes life-threatening liver disease. It is transmitted through a horizontal route or a mother-to-infant route, and the latter is the major route in endemic areas. Prevention of HBVinfection by immunization is the bestway to eliminate HBV-related diseases. The HBV vaccine is the first human vaccine using a viral antigen from infected persons, which is safe and effective. Either passive immunization by hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) or active immunization by HBV vaccine is effective, and a combination of both yields the best efficacy in preventing HBV infection. The impact of universal HBV immunization is huge, with 90%–95% effectiveness in preventing chronic HBV infection. It is the first cancer preventive vaccine with a protective efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of ~70%. Nevertheless, further effort is still needed to avoid vaccine failure and to increase the global coverage rate. ? 2015 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.[SDGs]SDG3hepatitis B antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B vaccine; nucleoside analog; recombinant vaccine; hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin; hepatitis B vaccine; immunoglobulin; active immunization; Article; cancer prevention; drug blood level; drug efficacy; hepatitis B; human; immunogenicity; infection prevention; kidney disease; liver cell carcinoma; mass immunization; passive immunization; patient compliance; vaccine failure; vertical transmission; virus transmission; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Liver Neoplasms; vaccination; Hepatitis B virus; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Liver Neoplasms; Vaccinationjournal article10.1101/cshperspect.a021493257320342-s2.0-84923913790