2024-05-182024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/715797一、歷史沿革 病理學為臨床醫學的基礎，也是醫學研究中極為重要的一門學問。台大醫學院病理學科的前身是台北帝國大學醫學部病理學教室，於1936年及1937年分別開設病理學第一及第二講堂，位置在舊址「綜合研究館」（目前醫學院二號館附近）。1954年，在附設醫院設立「病理科」，與病理學科及研究所成為一綜合基礎與臨床教學服務的特殊學科，研究得以拓展。1994年病理科改編為病理部，並依功能分設各科：解剖病理科、法醫病理科、分子病理科、細胞病理科及遺傳病理科。2000年將功能分科改為外科病理科、解剖及法醫病理科、細胞病理科及分子病理科，2008年正式成立四個分科:外科病理科、解剖及法醫病理科、細胞病理科及分子病理科。2010年解剖及法醫病理科更名為大體解剖病理科。至今已有60年歷史。 二、臨床服務 1.外科病理組織切片檢查 2.冷凍切片檢查 3.組織化學染色檢查 4.免疫組織化學染色檢查 5.免疫螢光染色檢查 6.婦科細胞學檢查 7.細胞蠟塊 8.電子顯微鏡檢查 9.病理解剖 10.分子病理學檢查 11.血液病染色體檢查 12.人體生物組織庫 三、教學 1.本部提供完整的解剖病理專科醫師訓練計劃。住院醫師在第一、二年輪做外科檢體及病理解剖的病例，第二年下半年及第三年輪流接受腎臟病理、血液病理、細胞病理等各次專科訓練一至三個月。每週有五種討論會訓練所有的住院醫師，包括：臨床病理討論會、外科病理討論會、大體解剖及期刊討論會、特殊病例討論會等。 2.對醫學系、牙醫學系四年級學生、護理系二年級、醫技系三年級、藥學系四年級以及公衛、復建、職能治療等各系之三年級同學的病理科課程及實習，由全體病理部教員及主治醫師負責擔任指導及上課。 3.本科部另設有病理研究所，招收博士班及碩士班學生。 四、研究服務特點及發展方向 1.本部進行各種疾病的研究工作，特別著重於本地常見的癌症如肝癌，鼻咽癌，肺癌，T/NK細胞淋巴瘤之分子病理研究。 2.罕見腫瘤的基因及臨床特徵。 3.神經疾病的動物模式及分子機制。 4.腫瘤診斷，預後及預測治療工具之開發。 五、近年來重大成果 1.本部獲衛生署國家型計畫基因體計畫支持，建立腫瘤組織資料庫，提供各科相關研究。所發展之組織庫，能應付將來微切技術需要，並能順利抽取RNA。 2.設立分子病理實驗室協助惡性腫瘤的基因診斷。分子病理實驗室利用各種先進分生方法來診斷疾病。例如：診斷基因重組、染色體病變之疾病，這些結果得以和傳統形態診斷，或免疫組織化學診斷整合。 3.將研究委託案件制度化，病理蠟塊整理專業化，提供各部研究及服務之支援。組織臘塊建立完善歸檔制度，並提供合適的標本，供基因分析。 4.一般切片染色自動化，易於品質管制。利用自動染色設備，提昇染色品質。 5.嚴格執行品質管制，提昇診斷之準確度。運用病理組織委員會的功能，確實結合病理醫師與臨床科醫師來促成外科病理的品質管制。 六、未來展望 《服務方面》 以病人為中心的服務方式，利用創新的方法增進病理報告的準確性及效率。 《研究及教學方面》 1.繼續癌症卓越研究計畫已有之成果，並運用癌症生物標記整合及服務中心之功能，拓展分子病理診斷。 2.培養次專科人才出國進修，與國外專家進行合作研究計畫，以期自我突破。【Department History】 Pathology is the foundation of clinical medicine and is crucial to medical research. The predecessor to the National Taiwan University Hospital Department of Pathology was the Classroom of Pathology at the Taihoku Imperial University College of Medicine. The 1st and 2nd Pathology Lecture Halls were opened in 1936 and 1937 respectively and are located at the former site of the General Research Building (near the present-day East campus of the NTU School of Medicine ). In 1954, the Division of Pathology was established at the National Taiwan University Hospital. The Division combined the pathology branch and the research institute into a special academic discipline which integrated foundation and clinical teaching to promote further research. In 1994, the Division of Pathology was modified to the Department of Pathology, with divisions of various functions under it including: the Division of AnatomicalPathology, Division of Forensic Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Division of Cytopathology, and Division of Genetic Pathology. In 2000, the divisions were further altered tothe Division of Surgical Pathology, Division of Autopsy and Forensic Pathology, Division of Cytopathology, and Division of Molecular Pathology. In 2008, the four divisions were officially established as the Division of Surgical Pathology, Division of Autopsy and Forensic Pathology, Division of Cytopathology, and Division of Molecular Pathology. In 2010, the Division of Autopsy and Forensic Pathology was renamed the Division of Autopsy Pathology. In all, the department has enjoyed a history of more than 60 years. 【Clinical Services】 1. Surgical pathology biopsies 2. Frozen section biopsies (cryosections) 3. Histochemical staining 4. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining 5. Immunofluorescence staining 6. Papanicolaou tests (Pap smears) 7. Cell blocks 8. Electron microscopies (EM) 9. Clinical autopsies 10. Molecular testing 11. Chromosome analyses (Karyotype tests)for blood diseases 12. Human tissue biobanks 【Medical Instruction】 1. For resident physicians, the Department of Pathology provides a well-rounded program for the specialized training on anatomical pathology. Resident physicians work on cases of surgical specimens and pathological autopsies in their first and second years. From the latter half of their second year to the end of their third year, our physicians receive one to three months of subspecialty training in areas such as renal pathology, hematopathology, and molecular pathology. There are five training seminars each week targeted towards all resident physicians. The topics of seminars range from clinical pathology, surgical pathology, autopsy and journal club, and special medical cases. 2. For medical students, our instructors and attending physicians from the whole department manage the pathology courses and internship programs for fourth-year studentsin the School of Medicine and Department of Dentistry, second-year studentsin the School of Nursing, third-year students in the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, fourth-year studentsin the Department of Pharmacy, andthird-year studentsmajoring in Public Health, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy. 3. Along with the undergraduate department, NTU has a Graduate Institute of Pathology for those pursuing their master’s and doctoraldegrees. 【Current Research and Prospective Development】 1. Conducting research ofvarious diseases, with a special emphasis on molecular pathological research in cancers which are more common locally such as liver cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, and T- and NK-cell lymphomas 2. Genetic and clinical characteristics of rare tumors 3. Animal models and molecular mechanisms of neural diseases 4. Development of therapy equipment for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of tumors 【Recent Major Achievements】 1. The Department of Pathology has received support from the Ministry of Health and Welfare (formerly known as the Department of Health) in the form of the National Research Program for Genomic Medicine, and has created a tumor tissue biobank for professionals of various specialties to conduct research. The biobankcan meet the future need for micro-cutting technologies to more easily extract RNA. 2. We have set up a molecular pathology laboratory to assist in the genetic diagnosis of malignant tumors. The lab uses advanced molecular biology techniques to diagnose diseases. Examples include the diagnosis of diseases caused by genetic recombination or chromosomal disorders. The results of these tests can be incorporated into more traditional pathological diagnoses or immunohistochemical diagnoses. 3. We have created a systematic workflow forcollaborative research projects, and professionalized the organization of paraffin wax blocks for specimen storage to assist each department in researching and offering services. 4. We have automatized sectioning and staining to maintain quality control. We also use automatic staining equipment to improve staining quality. 5. We strictly adhere to quality control standards to improve diagnosis accuracy. With the help of the Pathology Tissue Committee, collaboration between pathologists and clinical physicians has improved the quality of surgical pathology. 【Future Prospects】 《Services》 With a model based on patient-centered services and innovation, we hope to promote the accuracy of pathology reports and the efficiency of report preparation. 《Research and Instruction》 1. We will continue the work of the Center of Excellence for Cancer Research and utilize the Cancer Biomarker Coordinating Service Center to advanced molecular pathology diagnoses. 2. We will foster medical professionals of sub-specialties as a part of the promotion of overseas training and collaborative research with foreign experts. These efforts are aimed at stimulating their personal growth.Academic Institute