2016-10-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/705491摘要：雜草是一群高度適應非天然, 受干擾環境 (如農田或路旁) 的物種. 雖然關於雜草的生態及性狀變 化 (如耐旱, 快速開花, 及高光照耐受性) 已有許多研究, 我們目前對於雜草演化背後的遺傳及基 因體機制尚未有明確的瞭解. 長久來人們一直認為阿拉伯芥是個生存於受人類擾動環境的雜草, 但我們之前的研究發現了許多生活在自然環境下的族群. 這些自然的 ”孓遺族群” 曾生存於整 個歐亞大陸, 直到後來被雜草化的 “非孓遺族群” 取代, 而人類農業的傳播可能是後者大量散 佈的主要原因. 阿拉伯芥同時擁有自然族群與雜草族群, 因此是個研究雜草演化遺傳學的最好材 料. 這裡我們提出一個跨領域的研究計劃以探索雜草演化的基因體學, 遺傳學, 及生態學基礎. 我 們預計: (1) 分析 ”孓遺” 與 “非孓遺” 全基因體的分化及基因交流模式, 以期找出控制雜草 族群快速傳播並取代自然族群的遺傳變異. (2) 測量兩個族群間三個跟雜草有關的重要性狀 (開花 時間, 種子大小, 及幼苗的避蔭反應) 並利用全基因體關聯性定位及數量性狀基因座定位的方法 找出控制雜草性狀的候選基因. 本計劃為世界上少數幾個率先針對基因體及遺傳機制來研究雜草 演化的研究計劃之一. 我們預計找出控制雜草性狀的遺傳變異並用分子生物學方法驗證其機制. 預期的結果對生態學, 演化學, 或農業上有深遠的影響.<br> Abstract: Weeds are plant species that are highly adapted to disturbed habitats such as farms and roadsides. While the ecology and traits making plants weedy have been much studied (for example, drought tolerance, fast flowering, and tolerance to strong sunlight), the genetic and genomic architecture of weedy plant evolution remains obscure. Although the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has long be regarded as a human-associated weed, our recent study discovered natural Arabidopsis accessions living in natural un-disturbed habitats. Those natural ice age “relicts” once occupied the whole Eurasia until later being rapidly replaced by the weedy “non-relict” population, likely facilitated by the expansion of agriculture. A. thaliana therefore represents a perfect model where different magnitude of “weediness” exists as within-species polymorphism, allowing detailed genetic investigation. Here we propose a highly inter-disciplinary project to jointly investigate the genomic, phenotypic, ecological, and genetic difference between natural relict versus weedy non-relict A. thaliana populations. We propose to: (1) analyze the genomic patterns of differentiation and hybridization between relicts and non-relicts and identify possible genomic regions determining the rapid expansion of weedy population, and (2) measure three key traits (flowering time, seed size, and shade avoidance response) associated with weediness and perform genetic mapping to identify candidate genes controlling weedy phenotypes. Here we propose one of the first projects to investigate in detail the genetic architecture of weedy plant evolution. The results will have great implication not only in evolution and ecology but also in agriculture and other applied fields.阿拉伯芥基因體學演化雜草Arabidopsisgenomicsevolutionweed