Li, C.-W.C.-W.LiChen, J.-H.J.-H.ChenCHEN-GIA TSAI2019-10-172019-10-1720150006-8993https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/426832http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84955446157&partnerID=MN8TOARS© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Artificial rewards, such as visual arts and music, produce pleasurable feelings. Popular songs in the verse-chorus form provide a useful model for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of artificial rewards, because the chorus is usually the most rewarding element of a song. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, the stimuli were excerpts of 10 popular songs with a tensioned verse-to-chorus transition. We examined the neural correlates of three phases of reward processing: (1) reward-anticipation during the verse-to-chorus transition, (2) reward-gain during the first phrase of the chorus, and (3) reward-loss during the unexpected noise followed by the verse-to-chorus transition. Participants listened to these excerpts in a risk-reward context because the verse was followed by either the chorus or noise with equal probability. The results showed that reward-gain and reward-loss were associated with left- and right-biased temporoparietal junction activation, respectively. The bilateral temporoparietal junctions were active during reward-anticipation. Moreover, we observed left-biased lateral orbitofrontal activation during reward-anticipation, whereas the medial orbitofrontal cortex was activated during reward-gain. The findings are discussed in relation to the cognitive and emotional aspects of reward processing.Popular song | Reward-anticipation | Reward-gain | Reward-loss | Verse-chorus formjournal article10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.024264992612-s2.0-84955446157http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84955446157&partnerID=MN8TOARS