指導教授：許添本臺灣大學：土木工程學研究所陳昱辰Chen, Yu-ChenYu-ChenChen2014-11-252018-07-092014-11-252018-07-092014http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/260880台灣的市區道路中，汽機車混合的車流形式在台灣隨處可見，而不同車種互動的關係極為複雜，時常造成交通壅塞，並且日益增加的機車數量已經在台灣造成了嚴重的交通問題，在過去十年，台灣引進了許多國外的微觀車流軟體，用以評估交通改善方案，但國外軟體面對混合車流的情況仍難以有效呈現混合車流間的特性，為解決此問題，必須建構一套具有混合車流特性的微觀車流軟體，因此必須先針對車流狀況，建構其微觀車流模式。 在混合車流之微觀車流模式中，機車的行為最為複雜，不僅需考慮縱向影響因素，由於機車的機動性能高，其側向影響因素也須納入考慮，且機車在路段行駛時並不如汽車般須限制在車道線中行駛，其側向偏移動作與汽車大相逕庭，故無法以傳統微觀車流區分跟車以及變換車道行為表達，因此為了描述此複雜的行為，本研究以無車道力場模式描述機車與周遭車輛間的互動，將車輛看作原子，以原子間作用力表達機車與其他車輛間的交互關係，並考慮不同車種間影響的差異，建構機車與其他車輛間相互作用行為。 由模式驗證中看出本研究模式能夠有效預測機車的行徑，並表現出機車受到其他車輛影響後的加減速及閃避動作，從微觀驗證中可看出，本模式對於行進方向的預測十分精準，並可在模式中重現機車的錯車以及鑽行行為，巨觀驗證的角度來看，模式中車輛間的交互作用符合混合車流的特色，能夠滿足現況之驗證指標，故可說明本模式對現況車流的解釋能力。 以此模式的解釋能力，建構屬於台灣混合車流下的微觀模擬軟體，使之更加符合真實環境，用以提供交通工程改善案評估工具，以解決台灣目前的交通狀況，使未來車流更加順暢，為本研究之期許。In Taiwan, it is very common to see motorcycles riding with cars on the same roads everywhere, which kind of traffic flow is called “mixed traffic flow”. Under this kind of traffic flow, the interaction between different types of vehicles is very complicated, which often causes traffic congestion. In addition, the increasing quantity of motorcycle has already caused severe traffic problems in Taiwan. Over the past decade, we had been introduced many foreign microscopic traffic simulation software to assess transportation improvement programs; however, these foreign simulation software faced the same problem on efficiently presenting the characteristics of mixed traffic flow, which commonly happened in Taiwan. In order to solve this problem, it is a must to construct the software, which sets with mixed traffic microscopic traffic characteristics. Constructing the microscopic traffic simulation models based on this condition is the important part before starting to design the software. The behaviors of motorcycle forwarding are the most complicated in the microscopic traffic simulation models of the mixed traffic flow. Not only the longitudinal effects are needed to be considered, but also the lateral effects should be taken into consideration for the high mobility of motorcycles. Also, when a motorcycle rides on the road, it has no lane line restriction like a car that has to drive in the lanes. Since the lateral movements between motorcycles and vehicles are very different, the behavior of motorcycles cannot just be separated into the two: car-following and lane-changing behavior In order to describe those complex behaviors, this study took vehicles as atoms with different sizes, described the interactions between motorcycles and other vehicles under the model of non-lane force field. Also, we consider the impact of different types of vehicles and construct the behaviors of motorcycles as interacting between other vehicles. From the model validation in this study, it can be confirmed that this model can predict the behavior of motorcycles, and show the movements such as swerving and deceleration when motorcycles influenced by other vehicles. From the microscopic validation, this can be known that the model can precisely predict the direction of travel, and is able to rebuild the behaviors of motorcycles such as ‘crossing’ and ‘drilling’. From the view of macroscopic validation, the interaction mode between vehicles accords to the moving characteristics of motorcycles in the mixed traffic flow. Knowing that all validation items can pass the statistical test, this model has a high level of ability of explanation. By using the ability of explanation of this model to construct micro-simulation software for the mixed traffic flow in Taiwan, we can make it meet the real environment. Also, this can provide traffic engineering for improving the current traffic situation in Taiwan, and make the in Taiwan traffic run much smoothly.誌謝 摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 xi 第一章. 緒論 1 1.1 研究緣起 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究範圍 2 1.4 研究流程 3 第二章. 文獻回顧 6 2.1 跟車行為模式 6 2.1.1 刺激反應方程式(GHR) 6 2.1.2 安全距離(safety distance)和防撞(collision avoidance)模式 9 2.1.3 心理物理(psychophysical)及行動點(action point)模式 11 2.2 變換車道決策模式 15 2.2.1 條件判斷模式 15 2.2.2 離散選擇模式 19 2.3 機車微觀模式 22 2.4 無車道概念模式 29 2.5 微觀車流模擬軟體回顧 37 2.5.1 CORSIM 38 2.5.2 PARAMICS 39 2.5.3 VISSIM 40 2.5.4 微觀車流模擬軟體回顧小結 42 2.6 文獻回顧小結 42 第三章. 模式建構 44 3.1 期望加速度力 45 3.2 周遭車輛互動力 46 3.3 路緣影響力 51 3.4 機車性能限制 52 第四章. 微觀車流調查 54 4.1 調查目的 54 4.2 調查流程 54 4.3 調查地點 60 第五章. 機車特性分析 61 5.1 混合車流行為定義 61 5.2 汽機車領地淨空間分析 63 5.3 加速度性能分析 70 5.4 轉向角度分析 72 5.5 自由車流車速調查 73 5.6 機車特性分析小結 80 第六章. 模式參數校估及驗證 82 6.1 參數校估 82 6.1.1 概似估計方程式 82 6.1.2 參數校估流程 84 6.1.3 參數校估結果 85 6.2 模式驗證 88 6.2.1 模擬架構 88 6.2.2 模擬架構確認 91 6.2.3 模擬驗證 92 6.3 參數校估及模式驗證小結 96 第七章. 結論及建議 98 7.1 結論 98 7.2 建議 99 參考文獻 100 附錄：模擬架構程式碼 1043991326 bytesapplication/pdf論文公開時間：2014/08/01論文使用權限：同意有償授權(權利金給回饋學校)微觀車流模擬混合車流力場模式社會力無車道模式機車[SDGs]SDG9[SDGs]SDG11thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/260880/1/ntu-103-R01521520-1.pdf