O'Connell, Kevin SKevin SO'ConnellKoromina, MariaMariaKorominavan der Veen, TraceyTraceyvan der VeenBoltz, ToniToniBoltzDavid, Friederike SFriederike SDavidYang, Jessica Mei KayJessica Mei KayYangLin, Keng-HanKeng-HanLinWang, XinXinWangColeman, Jonathan R IJonathan R IColemanMitchell, Brittany LBrittany LMitchellMcGrouther, Caroline CCaroline CMcGroutherRangan, Aaditya VAaditya VRanganLind, Penelope APenelope ALindKoch, EliseEliseKochHarder, ArvidArvidHarderParker, NadineNadineParkerBendl, JaroslavJaroslavBendlAdorjan, KristinaKristinaAdorjanAgerbo, EsbenEsbenAgerboAlbani, DiegoDiegoAlbaniAlemany, SilviaSilviaAlemanyAlliey-Rodriguez, NeyNeyAlliey-RodriguezAls, Thomas DThomas DAlsAndlauer, Till F MTill F MAndlauerAntoniou, AnastasiaAnastasiaAntoniouAsk, HelgaHelgaAskBass, NicholasNicholasBassBauer, MichaelMichaelBauerBeins, Eva CEva CBeinsBigdeli, Tim BTim BBigdeliPedersen, Carsten BøckerCarsten BøckerPedersenBoks, Marco PMarco PBoksBørte, SigridSigridBørteBosch, RosaRosaBoschBrum, MurielleMurielleBrumBrumpton, Ben MBen MBrumptonBrunkhorst-Kanaan, NathalieNathalieBrunkhorst-KanaanBudde, MonikaMonikaBuddeBybjerg-Grauholm, JonasJonasBybjerg-GrauholmByerley, WilliamWilliamByerleyCabana-Domínguez, JuditJuditCabana-DomínguezCairns, Murray JMurray JCairnsCarpiniello, BernardoBernardoCarpinielloCasas, MiquelMiquelCasasCervantes, PabloPabloCervantesChatzinakos, ChrisChrisChatzinakosHSI-CHUNG CHENClarence, TerezaTerezaClarenceClarke, Toni-KimToni-KimClarkeClaus, IsabelleIsabelleClausCoombes, BrandonBrandonCoombesCorfield, Elizabeth CElizabeth CCorfieldCruceanu, CristianaCristianaCruceanuCuellar-Barboza, AlfredoAlfredoCuellar-BarbozaCzerski, Piotr MPiotr MCzerskiDafnas, KonstantinosKonstantinosDafnasDale, Anders MAnders MDaleDalkner, NinaNinaDalknerDegenhardt, FranziskaFranziskaDegenhardtDePaulo, J RaymondJ RaymondDePauloDjurovic, SrdjanSrdjanDjurovicDrange, Ole KristianOle KristianDrangeEscott-Price, ValentinaValentinaEscott-PriceFanous, Ayman HAyman HFanousFellendorf, Frederike TFrederike TFellendorfFerrier, I NicolI NicolFerrierForty, LizLizFortyFrank, JosefJosefFrankFrei, OleksandrOleksandrFreiFreimer, Nelson BNelson BFreimerFullard, John FJohn FFullardGarnham, JulieJulieGarnhamGizer, Ian RIan RGizerGordon, Scott DScott DGordonGordon-Smith, KatherineKatherineGordon-SmithGreenwood, Tiffany ATiffany AGreenwoodGrove, JakobJakobGroveGuzman-Parra, JoséJoséGuzman-ParraHa, Tae HyonTae HyonHaHahn, TimTimHahnHaraldsson, MagnusMagnusHaraldssonHautzinger, MartinMartinHautzingerHavdahl, AlexandraAlexandraHavdahlHeilbronner, UrsUrsHeilbronnerHellgren, DennisDennisHellgrenHerms, StefanStefanHermsHickie, Ian BIan BHickieHoffmann, PerPerHoffmannHolmans, Peter APeter AHolmansHuang, Ming-ChyiMing-ChyiHuangIkeda, MasashiMasashiIkedaJamain, StéphaneStéphaneJamainJohnson, Jessica SJessica SJohnsonJonsson, LinaLinaJonssonKalman, Janos LJanos LKalmanKamatani, YoichiroYoichiroKamataniKennedy, James LJames LKennedyKim, EuitaeEuitaeKimKim, JaeyoungJaeyoungKimKittel-Schneider, SarahSarahKittel-SchneiderKnowles, James AJames AKnowlesKogevinas, ManolisManolisKogevinasKranz, Thorsten MThorsten MKranzKrebs, KristiKristiKrebsKushner, Steven ASteven AKushnerLavebratt, CatharinaCatharinaLavebrattLawrence, JacobJacobLawrenceLeber, MarkusMarkusLeberLee, Heon-JeongHeon-JeongLeeLiao, CalwingCalwingLiaoLucae, SusanneSusanneLucaeLundberg, MartinMartinLundbergMacIntyre, Donald JDonald JMacIntyreMaier, WolfgangWolfgangMaierMaihofer, Adam XAdam XMaihoferMalaspina, DoloresDoloresMalaspinaManchia, MirkoMirkoManchiaMaratou, EiriniEiriniMaratouMartinsson, LinaLinaMartinssonMattheisen, ManuelManuelMattheisenMcGregor, Nathaniel WNathaniel WMcGregorMcInnis, Melvin GMelvin GMcInnisMcKay, James DJames DMcKayMedeiros, HelenaHelenaMedeirosMeyer-Lindenberg, AndreasAndreasMeyer-LindenbergMillischer, VincentVincentMillischerMorris, Derek WDerek WMorrisMoutsatsou, ParaskeviParaskeviMoutsatsouMühleisen, Thomas WThomas WMühleisenO'Donovan, ClaireClaireO'DonovanOlsen, Catherine MCatherine MOlsenPanagiotaropoulou, GeorgiaGeorgiaPanagiotaropoulouPapiol, SergiSergiPapiolPardiñas, Antonio FAntonio FPardiñasPark, Hye YounHye YounParkPerry, AmyAmyPerryPfennig, AndreaAndreaPfennigPisanu, ClaudiaClaudiaPisanuPotash, James BJames BPotashQuested, DigbyDigbyQuestedRapaport, Mark HMark HRapaportRegeer, Eline JEline JRegeerRice, John PJohn PRiceRivera, MargaritaMargaritaRiveraSchulte, Eva CEva CSchulteSenner, FannyFannySennerShadrin, AlexeyAlexeyShadrinShilling, Paul DPaul DShillingSigurdsson, EngilbertEngilbertSigurdssonSindermann, LisaLisaSindermannSirignano, LeaLeaSirignanoSiskind, DanDanSiskindSlaney, ClaireClaireSlaneySloofman, Laura GLaura GSloofmanSmeland, Olav BOlav BSmelandSmith, Daniel JDaniel JSmithSobell, Janet LJanet LSobellSoler Artigas, MariaMariaSoler ArtigasStein, Dan JDan JSteinStein, FrederikeFrederikeSteinSu, Mei-HsinMei-HsinSuSung, HeejongHeejongSungŚwiątkowska, BeataBeataŚwiątkowskaTerao, ChikashiChikashiTeraoTesfaye, MarkosMarkosTesfayeTesli, MartinMartinTesliThorgeirsson, Thorgeir EThorgeir EThorgeirssonThorp, Jackson GJackson GThorpToma, ClaudioClaudioTomaTondo, LeonardoLeonardoTondoTooney, Paul APaul ATooneyTsai, Shih-JenShih-JenTsaiTsermpini, Evangelia EiriniEvangelia EiriniTsermpiniVawter, Marquis PMarquis PVawterVedder, HelmutHelmutVedderVreeker, AnnabelAnnabelVreekerWalters, James T RJames T RWaltersWinsvold, Bendik SBendik SWinsvoldWitt, Stephanie HStephanie HWittWon, Hong-HeeHong-HeeWonYe, RobertRobertYeYoung, Allan HAllan HYoungZandi, Peter PPeter PZandiZillich, LeaLeaZillichAdolfsson, RolfRolfAdolfssonAlda, MartinMartinAldaAlfredsson, LarsLarsAlfredssonBacklund, LenaLenaBacklundBaune, Bernhard TBernhard TBauneBellivier, FrankFrankBellivierBengesser, SusanneSusanneBengesserBerrettini, Wade HWade HBerrettiniBiernacka, Joanna MJoanna MBiernackaBoehnke, MichaelMichaelBoehnkeBørglum, Anders DAnders DBørglumBreen, GeromeGeromeBreenCarr, Vaughan JVaughan JCarrCatts, StanleyStanleyCattsCichon, SvenSvenCichonCorvin, AidenAidenCorvinCraddock, NicholasNicholasCraddockDannlowski, UdoUdoDannlowskiDikeos, DimitrisDimitrisDikeosEtain, BrunoBrunoEtainFerentinos, PanagiotisPanagiotisFerentinosFrye, MarkMarkFryeFullerton, Janice MJanice MFullertonGawlik, MichaMichaGawlikGershon, Elliot SElliot SGershonGoes, Fernando SFernando SGoesGreen, Melissa JMelissa JGreenGrigoroiu-Serbanescu, MariaMariaGrigoroiu-SerbanescuHauser, JoannaJoannaHauserHenskens, Frans AFrans AHenskensHjerling-Leffler, JensJensHjerling-LefflerHougaard, David MDavid MHougaardHveem, KristianKristianHveemIwata, NakaoNakaoIwataJones, IanIanJonesJones, Lisa ALisa AJonesKahn, René SRené SKahnKelsoe, John RJohn RKelsoeKircher, TiloTiloKircherKirov, GeorgeGeorgeKirovPO-HSIU KUOLandén, MikaelMikaelLandénLeboyer, MarionMarionLeboyerLi, Qingqin SQingqin SLiLissowska, JolantaJolantaLissowskaLochner, ChristineChristineLochnerLoughland, CarmelCarmelLoughlandLuykx, Jurjen JJurjen JLuykxMartin, Nicholas GNicholas GMartinMathews, Carol ACarol AMathewsMayoral, FerminFerminMayoralMcElroy, Susan LSusan LMcElroyMcIntosh, Andrew MAndrew MMcIntoshMcMahon, Francis JFrancis JMcMahonMedland, Sarah ESarah EMedlandMelle, IngridIngridMelleMilani, LiliLiliMilaniMitchell, Philip BPhilip BMitchellMorken, GunnarGunnarMorkenMors, OleOleMorsMortensen, Preben BoPreben BoMortensenMüller-Myhsok, BertramBertramMüller-MyhsokMyers, Richard MRichard MMyersMyung, WoojaeWoojaeMyungNeale, Benjamin MBenjamin MNealeNievergelt, Caroline MCaroline MNievergeltNordentoft, MereteMereteNordentoftNöthen, Markus MMarkus MNöthenNurnberger, John IJohn INurnbergerO'Donovan, Michael CMichael CO'DonovanOedegaard, Ketil JKetil JOedegaardOlsson, TomasTomasOlssonOwen, Michael JMichael JOwenPaciga, Sara ASara APacigaPantelis, ChristosChristosPantelisPato, Carlos NCarlos NPatoPato, Michele TMichele TPatoPatrinos, George PGeorge PPatrinosPawlak, Joanna MJoanna MPawlakRamos-Quiroga, Josep AntoniJosep AntoniRamos-QuirogaReif, AndreasAndreasReifReininghaus, Eva ZEva ZReininghausRibasés, MartaMartaRibasésRietschel, MarcellaMarcellaRietschelRipke, StephanStephanRipkeRouleau, Guy AGuy ARouleauRoussos, PanosPanosRoussosSaito, TakeoTakeoSaitoSchall, UlrichUlrichSchallSchalling, MartinMartinSchallingSchofield, Peter RPeter RSchofieldSchulze, Thomas GThomas GSchulzeScott, Laura JLaura JScottScott, Rodney JRodney JScottSerretti, AlessandroAlessandroSerrettiSmoller, Jordan WJordan WSmollerSquassina, AlessioAlessioSquassinaStahl, Eli AEli AStahlStefansson, HreinnHreinnStefanssonStefansson, KariKariStefanssonStordal, EysteinEysteinStordalStreit, FabianFabianStreitSullivan, Patrick FPatrick FSullivanTurecki, GustavoGustavoTureckiVaaler, Arne EArne EVaalerVieta, EduardEduardVietaVincent, John BJohn BVincentWaldman, Irwin DIrwin DWaldmanWeickert, Cynthia SCynthia SWeickertWeickert, Thomas WThomas WWeickertWerge, ThomasThomasWergeWhiteman, David CDavid CWhitemanZwart, John-AnkerJohn-AnkerZwartEdenberg, Howard JHoward JEdenbergMcQuillin, AndrewAndrewMcQuillinForstner, Andreas JAndreas JForstnerMullins, NiamhNiamhMullinsDi Florio, AriannaAriannaDi FlorioOphoff, Roel ARoel AOphoffAndreassen, Ole AOle AAndreassen2025-09-172025-09-172025-03-27https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/732143Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.8 million controls), combining clinical, community and self-reported samples. We identified 298 genome-wide significant loci in the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, a fourfold increase over previous findings, and identified an ancestry-specific association in the East Asian cohort. Integrating results from fine-mapping and other variant-to-gene mapping approaches identified 36 credible genes in the aetiology of bipolar disorder. Genes prioritized through fine-mapping were enriched for ultra-rare damaging missense and protein-truncating variations in cases with bipolar disorder, highlighting convergence of common and rare variant signals. We report differences in the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder depending on the source of patient ascertainment and on bipolar disorder subtype (type I or type II). Several analyses implicate specific cell types in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, including GABAergic interneurons and medium spiny neurons. Together, these analyses provide additional insights into the genetic architecture and biological underpinnings of bipolar disorder.en[SDGs]SDG2[SDGs]SDG3journal article10.1038/s41586-024-08468-939843750