TZU-MING PAN2018-09-102018-09-102013http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874353020&partnerID=MN8TOARShttp://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/377129Phytoestrogens are a class of bioactive compounds derived from plants and exert various estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. Estrogen deficiency osteoporosis has become a serious problem in elderly women. The use of ovariectomized (OVX) rat or mice models to simulate the postmenopausal condition is well established. This review aimed to clarify the sources, biochemistry, absorption, metabolism, and mode of action of phytoestrogens on bone health in intervention studies. In vitro, phytoestrogens promote protein synthesis, osteoprotegerin/receptor activation of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand ratio, and mineralization by osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1). In the OVX murine model, administration of phytoestrogens can inhibit differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and secretion of pyridinoline compound. Phytoestrogens also enhance bone formation and increase bone mineral density and levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and α1(I) collagen. Results of mechanistic studies have indicated that phytoestrogens suppress the rate of bone resorption and enhance the rate of bone formation. ? 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Antiosteoporosis; Ovariectomized model; Phytoestrogens; Postmenopausal[SDGs]SDG3ALkaline phosphatase; Anti-estrogenic; Antiosteoporosis; Beneficial effects; Bioactive compounds; Bone formation; Bone mineral density; Bone resorption; In-vitro; Intervention studies; Ligand ratio; MC3T3-E1; Mechanistic studies; Mice models; Microflora; Mode of action; Murine model; Nuclear factor kappaB; Osteoblast-like cells; Osteocalcin; Osteopontin; Osteoprotegerin; Phytoestrogens; Postmenopausal; Protein synthesis; Pyridinoline; Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; Bone; Phosphatases; Health; acid phosphatase; anticoagulant agent; antilipemic agent; antioxidant; biochanin A; collagen type 1; coumestrol; daidzin; diosgenin; equol; estradiol; genistein; kaempferol; lignan; luteolin; matairesinol; oleuropein; osteocalcin; osteoclast differentiation factor; osteopontin; phytoestrogen; puerarin; pyridinoline; quercetin; raloxifene; receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B; secoisolariciresinol; tartaric acid; unindexed drug; zeranol; absorption; bone; enzyme activity; estrogenic compound; metabolism; metabolite; protein; rodent; womens health; absorption; Ajuga; bone density; bone mineralization; bone remodeling; cell strain 3T3; drug bioavailability; estrogen deficiency; hormone metabolism; human; in vitro study; in vivo study; intervention study; intestine flora; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus plantarum; metabolite; nonhuman; ossification; osteoblast; osteoclast activity; osteoclastogenesis; osteolysis; ovariectomy; postmenopause osteoporosis; protein expression; protein synthesis; review; soybean milk; yam; Animals; Bacteria; Bone and Bones; Female; Humans; Intestines; Male; Metagenome; Mice; Osteogenesis; Phytoestrogens; Rats; Murinae; Mus; Rattusjournal article10.1007/s00253-012-4675-y