指導教授:張學孔臺灣大學:土木工程學研究所李芊Lee, ChienChienLee2014-11-252018-07-092014-11-252018-07-092014http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/260743近年來,各地政府竭力發展公共運輸系統,除減少都市地區交通壅塞,亦可減少汙染,達到綠色運輸之目標。臺灣私人機動運具使用比例占整體運輸屢次很大比例,且居高不下。傳統固定路線、固定班次公車服務往往在非尖峰時間無法因應民眾需求,而在偏遠地區,公共運輸通常亦僅使用傳統公車營運,而在維持成本收益、權衡補貼的考量下,公車客運業者傾向以基本符合補貼門檻的班次提供服務;因此,不論在時間或空間服務班次少的情況下,囿於提供服務時間之限制,均無法符合民眾期待,導致使用意願低落。因此,若以彈性方式營運,班表、路線設計都能夠從使用者角度出發,除了能提高使用者意願,也能夠降低政府補助,此即需求反應式公共運輸系統(Demand Responsive Transit System, DRTS)之服務目標。 過去關於DRTS之研究大多從營運者角度出發,透過成本及社會福利角度規劃服務,對實際或潛在乘客的使用意願較少著墨。本研究以臺南市臺鐵新營車站及南科車站作為研究目標,探討乘客對DRTS作為接駁服務的偏好程度和影響因素。研究中採用敘述性偏好法設計情境,並配合在地之旅運特性,構建模式分析影響使用意願的重要因素。 研究結果顯示,新營車站偏好低票價、高補貼、旅次長度大於7公里的DRTS營運型態,主要客群為每天搭乘公共運輸小於2次、家中持有機動車輛的男性旅次。南科車站偏好低票價、高補貼、旅次長度大於7公里的DRTS營運型態,主要客群為非通勤、年輕、家中持有機動車輛、家中18歲以下人數少的旅次。另外,應用雙變量排序普羅比模式分析結果顯示,兩車站間使用意願為顯著正相關,亦即選定其中任一車站作為示範性施行,皆可提高民眾對DRTS之使用意願,而共同影響因子包含低票價、高補貼、即時預約及旅次長度大於7公里的特性。本研究成果可供後續規劃DRTS服務以及臺鐵接駁等相關公共運輸之重要參考。The government has devoted to develop public transport system, which not only can decrease usage of motorized vehicle, but also achieve the goal of green mobility. The usage of motorized vehicle in Taiwan is comparatively high in both urban and the rural areas. The conventional bus, due to its fixed route and fixed schedule characteristics, would not be able to meet the needs in either off-peak hours inside the cities or in the rural area in which operators tend to provide service with limited runs with consideration of cost and available subsidy. Therefore, if there is flexible transport service in terms of route and schedule for passengers, such as the Demand Responsive Transit System (DRTS), then it may overcome those problems and is thought as a good solution comparing with conventional bus system. There were many studies related to DRTS focusing on cost and social benefits; however, there is a lack of considering passenger preferences in the studies. Hence, this research aims to explore passenger preferences to DRTS. Taiwan Railway Xin-Yin Station and Nan-Ke Station are selected as the study area to identify what factors would have influence on passenger preferences when using DRTS as feeder services for Taiwan Railway. The study uses stated preference to design scenario with consideration of local trip characteristics. Finally, Probit models are developed to analyze those factors that may have influence on passenger preferences. It is shown that passengers in Xin-Yin Station with characteristics of lower fare, higher subsidy, and trip distance above 7 km would prefer to DRTS. It is also shown that DRTS passengers would highly be male with more motorized vehicles, non-frequent public transport users. Passengers in Nan-Ke Station with characteristics of lower fare, higher subsidy, and trip distance above 7 km would prefer to DRTS. DRTS users would highly be passengers with public transport usage fewer than two times a day, owners of motorized vehicles and completely few children under 18. The result of Bivariate Ordered Probit model has also shown that there are positive relationships between passenger preferences in both stations. It implies that once the government chooses one station as the demonstration project for DRTS, the passenger preferences of both stations would increase. The common influence factors for both stations consist of lower fare, higher subsidy, in-time reservation, and trip distance above 7 km. It is expected that results of this study can be a reference for planning of DRTS and feeder services for commuter rail.口試委員會審定書 # 誌謝 i 中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii 目錄 v 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 x 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究範圍 2 1.4 研究方法 5 1.5 研究流程 6 第二章 文獻回顧 8 2.1 DRTS服務 8 2.1.1 DRTS發展背景與定義 8 2.1.2 DRTS市場 9 2.1.3 DRTS營運型態 13 2.2 國外DRTS發展案例 18 2.2.1 英國Hampshire 18 2.2.2 北京定制公交 20 2.2.3 香港紅頂小巴 22 2.2.4 新加坡ShareTransport.sg 23 2.3 國內DRTS發展案例 25 2.3.1 桃園縣復興鄉偏遠地區DRTS 25 2.3.2 高雄市電梯式公車 29 2.3.3 高雄市彈性運輸服務試辦計畫 30 2.3.4 臺中市工業區需求反應式公車 34 2.4 小結 37 2.5 研究方法之回顧 38 2.5.1 敘述性偏好相關文獻 38 2.5.2 排序普羅比模式相關文獻 41 2.6 小結 43 第三章 DRTS影響因素模式設定 44 3.1 模式理論 44 3.1.1 排序普羅比模式 44 3.1.2 雙變量排序普羅比模式 46 3.2 DRTS服務設定 47 3.2.1 DRTS營運模式設定 47 3.2.2 DRTS情境設計 50 第四章 問卷調查 55 4.1 問卷設計 55 4.1.1 問卷調查流程 55 4.1.2 問卷結構 56 4.2 資料蒐集 61 4.3 基礎資料分析 62 4.3.1 敘述統計分析 62 4.3.2 統計差異檢定與交叉分析 72 第五章 模式校估 80 5.1 單變量排序普羅比模式 80 5.1.1 總體模式 80 5.1.2 新營車站 82 5.1.3 南科車站 84 5.1.4 小結 86 5.2 雙變量排序普羅比模式 87 5.3 模式比較分析 89 第六章 結論與建議 92 6.1 結論 92 6.2 建議 93 參考文獻 94 附錄一 調查問卷 972604333 bytesapplication/pdf論文公開時間:2017/08/17論文使用權限:同意有償授權(權利金給回饋學校)需求反應式公共運輸使用意願接駁服務排序普羅比模式雙變量排序普羅比模式[SDGs]SDG11需求反應式運輸接駁服務乘客使用意願之研究Passenger Preferences of Demand Responsive Transit System in Providing Feeder Servicesthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/260743/1/ntu-103-R01521526-1.pdf