指導教授:王兆鵬臺灣大學:科際整合法律學研究所洪郁雅Hung, Yu-YaYu-YaHung2014-11-272018-07-102014-11-272018-07-102013http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/262404錯誤的司法科學可能成為冤錯案件最致命的元兇,如何能提升司法科學的品質,矯正鑑定報告的準確性;從我國的鑑識體制現況談起,藉由美國無辜者計畫對冤錯案件的救援與研究,說明司法科學不僅非真理,更可能是最危險的劊子手,喚醒國人對鑑識體制改革的重視。 而獨立鑑識機關的設立,即欲以完整的鑑識機關來充分改善國內目前司法科學環境,削弱社會大眾普遍對各鑑識實驗室的不信任,降低各鑑識實驗室可能受偵查機關潛在影響的風險,並訂立完善的鑑識守則以強化我國現有的司法科學技術,方能達致社會對於科學與司法間交互運用的期望,回復司法科學既有的公信力,以真正落實維護公益之目的。 具體而言,為避免立即的體制改革對社會帶來過鉅的衝擊,透過雙軌制逐步邁向單軌制的方式為獨立鑑識機關的運作程序,並搭配複審與覆審制度作為監督機制,企圖使鑑定人員得在充分且完善的司法科學環境下實驗,更可專心致志其研究而提高國內整體鑑識技術之水平。最後,獨立鑑識機關對我國鑑識體制的改善是必要的存在,但設立時仍有許多需要長期規劃與檢討的要點,並非一蹴可幾即能達成。The erroneous forensic science may be the most harmful cause to the wrongful convictions. What could we do to promote the quality of forensic science, and to correct the credibility of the forensic investigated reports? In this thesis, it will first mention the system of forensic science in Taiwan. Then through introducing the study of the Innocence Project in the United States, which shows us that forensic science may not only be misleading but could also be the most dangerous killer. The Final is to arouse the awareness on the revolution of the system. The goals to establish an independent agency of forensic science are to improve the environment of forensic science in our country, to reduce citizens’ distrust in crime labs and to reduce influences that crime labs may get from the detective department. In order to regain the reliability of forensic science and to bring justice to the public, the agency will set principles of forensic science to strengthen our technological skills. To be more specific, to avoid the severe shock that the abrupt revolution might bring to the society, it is better to gradually move the independent agency from two tracks to one track along with complete supervision. By doing this, scientists will be able to work under a more well-equipped environment and to concentrate on their experiments which will elevate our forensic quality. Although there are still many problems waiting to be solved when setting the agency, the establishment of the independent agency of forensic science is essential to Taiwan.誌謝 I 摘要 III ABSTRACT IV 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與問題意識 1 第二節 研究範圍與限制 3 第三節 研究方法與研究架構 5 第二章 我國鑑識體制的運作現況與困境 8 第一節 鑑識與鑑定 8 第二節 我國鑑識體制運作現況 9 第三節 江國慶案與司法科學 24 第四節 我國鑑識單位運作困境 29 第五節 本文意見 36 第三章 美國對冤錯案件的研究與改革 38 第一節 冤錯案件的實證研究 38 第二節 美國冤錯案件與司法科學 53 第三節 困境與改革 64 第四節 本文意見 69 第四章 獨立鑑識機關的建構 71 第一節 機關建構之借鏡 71 第二節 獨立鑑識機關的規劃 82 第三節 檢視獨立鑑識機關 95 第四節 本文意見 100 第五章 結論 103 參考文獻 107 附錄:裁判參考列表 1161515115 bytesapplication/pdf論文公開時間:2013/11/05論文使用權限:同意無償授權獨立鑑識機關司法科學刑事鑑識機關鑑定鑑識實驗室冤錯案件無辜者計畫[SDGs]SDG16建構我國獨立鑑識機關To Establish an Independent Agency of Forensic Science in Taiwanthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/262404/1/ntu-102-R99a41001-1.pdf