2015-01-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/684850摘要：土番鴨 (mule duck) 乃我國重要肉用家禽之一，係以公番鴨與母家鴨屬間雜交產生。肇因於雜交不育 (hybrid sterility)，公土番鴨雖具正常睪丸發育，但無精子產生；若反交產生之鴃鶗鴨 (hinny duck) 其雄性表型與土番鴨者相同，母鴨雖具正常卵巢發育且產蛋，但無法產生受精蛋。始基生殖細胞 (primordial germ cell, PGC) 為生殖細胞之前驅物，具傳遞遺傳資源之能力，因此常被應用以保存優良種原及產製基因轉殖家禽。日前已有研究說明PGC 移殖於異種禽胚後，可正常發育且分化為精子，並經由人工授精產生後代。然而於應用PGC 移殖所產生之嵌合體 (chimera) 家禽中，皆須耗費資源及時間去分析其是否具備性腺傳承 (germline transmission) 能力，才得以透過子代育成純品系。因此若將家禽PGC 移殖於屬間雜交鴨之胚蛋中，此等鴨隻在發身 (puberty) 後所產生之配子皆屬移殖之PGC 所分化者，故將大幅降低獲得純品系家禽之時間及資源耗費。 因此本計畫擬採三年進行研究，首先以黑色番鴨作為建立鴨PGC 體外培養及長期保存之模式，並分析土番鴨及鴃鶗鴨胚蛋最適移殖PGC 之胚期及其移殖技術，接著移殖鴨之PGC 於一般鴨種及屬間雜交鴨種胚蛋之研究，最後透過異種家禽之PGC 進行屬間雜交鴨種胚蛋移殖之研究。綜上所述，本計畫將探討並開發我國優良鴨種之全新產業應用價值並改善其種原保存之效益。<br> Abstract: Mule duck is generated by intergenus hybridization between Muscovy drake and common duck female, which is one of important meat type poultry species in Taiwan. Due to hybrid sterility, mule drakes have normal testicular development but without sperm production. The male hinny duck (reciprocal cross case) phenotype is similar to mule duck, and female have normal ovary and lay egg. However, it can not produce fertilized egg. Primordial germ cell (PGC) is the precursor of germ cells, which is capable of passing the genetic information. Therefore, PGC is usually applied in germplasm preservation and transgenic avian production. There are studies indicated that PGCs were transplanted in xenogenic avian embryonated egg then successfully differentiated to sperm in adult, and obtained offspring by artificial insemination (AI). However, before breeding of pure strain by offspring, the chimera avian obtained by PGC transplantation spend a lot of resource and time to screen whether they have capacity of germline transmission. If avian PGCs are transplanted into embryo of intergenus hybrid duck species, the gametes are produced by these chimera duck all differentiated from transplanted PGCs subsequent of puberty. Thus it will highly economize study resource and decrease time-wasting for considerable pure strain avian. Among three years, we are going to conduct the experiments. At first, we about to establish PGC in-vitro culture system and long-term preservation in black Muscovy duck, and to create technique and identify the embryo stage which is suitable to transplant PGCs in embryonated eggs of mule duck and hinny duck. The second study is to transplant duck PGCs into the embryo which is derived from duck species and intergenus hybrids. Finally, transplanting xenogenic avian PGCs into intergenus hybrid embryo is conducted. In conclusion, we will study the improvement of poultry germplasm preservation and we are about to develop a brand new industry application of these excellent duck breeds in Taiwan.番鴨屬間雜交始基生殖細胞土番鴨Muscovy duckintergenus crossbreedingprimordial germ cellmule duck