國立臺灣大學政治學系暨研究所陳世民2006-07-252018-06-282006-07-252018-06-282002-07-31http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/13799本計劃首先對冷戰時期便已存在的英 國和法國的核武合作問題做一探討，主要 在分析此一合作何以在冷戰時期的兩極戰 略架構下一直難以獲致突破性進展。之 後，再進一步探討何以在冷戰結束後，隨 著美國部署在歐洲的核武自1987 年的中 程核武裁減條約簽定後的逐漸撤離，以及 歐洲統合在馬斯垂克條約簽訂後的重大進 展等背景下，英、法的核武合作之再起及 「歐洲嚇阻」倡議之出現。自1992 年1 月法國密特朗總統於馬斯垂克條約簽訂後 一個月之時提出「歐洲的核嚇阻準則」之 想法後，英、法之核武合作隨即取得進一 步的進展，不論是在核武發展政策，嚇阻 戰略、核裁武立場，及此二個歐洲國家的 核武在未來更加統合的歐洲中所應扮演的 角色等問題上，二國曾共組一委員會來溝 通協調彼此的立場，並取得不少進展。因 此本計劃繼而就此一溝通協調過程中雙方 爭論的焦點及所衍生出的問題做一探討， 尤其著重於其和歐洲統合之進展的相互關 連。而後，本計劃繼而探討此一合作在九 ○年代末期逐漸出現的困境及其所遭遇的 問題阻礙，並展望其未來之可能發展。例 如英、美核武特珠關係對此一合作的影 響，英、法二國之間難以完全協調的一些 核戰略構想及對歐洲自主防衛問題上不完 全一致的立場，此外歐盟其他會員國，尤 其是德國，對此一合作和英、法二國有所 差異的看法等等問題，這些均對英、法二 國之核武的進一步合作造成不少阻礙。而 從此一做為英、法二國最高主權及國家榮 耀之象徵的核武之合作過程的爭議，亦有 助於了解歐洲統合在政治與安全層面的進 一步進展上所將遭遇的瓶頸。Anglo-French nuclear cooperation began to emerge in a serious fashion for the first time with the end of the Cold War. As the European Union was created and it’s member states began to look at closer cooperation in the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the possibility of a Common European Defence Policy was also raised.Clearly, British and French nuclear weapons are central to such a debate. As Premier Minister Major and President Mitterrand pointed out at a press conference in 1994, “A European security policy without nuclear deterrence would be a feeble policy indeed.” From the beginning of the 1990’s, Anglo-French nuclear cooperation took two forms. The first was concerned with creating a forum for the exchange of information on nuclear concepts, strategies and policies, with a view to generating a larger degree of commonality; the second concerned collaboration over procurement. A Joint Nuclear Commission was established in November 1992, formalized and made permanent in July 1993. This Commission’s purpose was defined as being “to strengthen the specific European contribution to the deterrence which underpins the collective security of the whole Alliance”. And this Commission becomes the main basis for Anglo-French nuclear cooperation. The resumption of French nuclear tests in 1995 coincided with an increased emphasis in France upon the Europeanization of the British and French nuclear forces. During 1995, French officials began a new debate on the European contribution to nuclear deterrence in Europe. This led to the suggestion by French Prime Minister in January 1995 of the concept of <Concerted Deterrence>. This concept would have the UK and France working together with countries such as Germany or Spain to construct a model of deterrence for the European Union. The nuclear weapons would remain under national control, but doctrines for their use would become European. The definition of “vital interests” for the use of nuclear weapons would also be European. A renewed debate about a future European deterrent was then launched, even if it remains extremely controversial. However, the future course of Anglo-French debate over nuclear forces is deeply tied to the course of the debate over European construction. The Amsterdam Treaty of 1997 revising the Treaty on European Union places the future of European defense very firmly in a NATO context. As long as Paris chooses to remain outside the integrated military structure of the Atlantic Alliance, and most particularly outside the Nuclear Planning Group, <Concerted Deterrence> is likely to remain little more than a concept. There are clear limits, both in the Anglo-French relationship specifically and in EU politics more generally, constraining the development of a Europeanized nuclear force.application/pdf185469 bytesapplication/pdfzh-TW國立臺灣大學政治學系暨研究所歐洲嚇阻英國法國核武歐洲聯盟歐洲統合European deterrenceUKFranceNuclear WeaponsEuropean UnionEuropean Integration[SDGs]SDG16reporthttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/13799/1/902414H002001.pdf