張靜貞臺灣大學：農業經濟學研究所洪聖迪Hung, Sheng-TiSheng-TiHung2007-11-282018-06-292007-11-282018-06-292005http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/59033Since supermarkets and retail outlets (retail sector) have became more important to our life, especially in purchasing fresh food. This thesis is going to connect the relationship between retail sector and agricultural production and trade and evaluate the efficiency performance of the retail sector. In Chapter 1, the research motivations, research goal, methods and data are introduced here. In chapter 2, we introduced the general market condition for retail market, general merchandise and retail sector so that we could understand the industry characteristic of supermarkets and retail outlets. Background of retail sector was also portrayed in this chapter to show the industry trend consisting of development history, leading firms, foreign domestic investment and consumers’ purchasing behaviors. Chapter 3 present a causality test for proving our null hypothesis therefore we took sales of supermarkets and retail outlets, production value of vegetable and fruit and livestock on the measure of test. The second hypothesis is the relevant linkage between value of agricultural import (vegetable and fruit, livestock) and sales of retail sector. Chapter 4 specifies the census data used in the work and calculation of firms’ efficiency performance and then analyzes the empirical results. Why in chapter 4 this article chose to analyze the efficiency performance of retail sector? Because retail sector market in Taiwan with rapid growth has been matured actually, efficiency performance became an important factor to select a firm which is going to survive or not in Taiwanese retail sector market. To be more competitive in retail sector market, efficiency performance may be a key for surviving. We also compare the competitiveness of supermarket and retail outlet due to the similarity of the industry characteristic. Without doubts, in the end, the purchasing strategies of retail sector will influence production of fresh food since retail sector has been more important in food marketing system than ever. In the last chapter, chapter 5, we make conclusion with some remarks along with some implications for future policy made.Table of contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………1 1.1 Research Motivation………………………………………………1 1.2 Research Method and Data………………………………………….2 2. Trend and fact in Taiwan food retail market……………….......................5 2.1 Macroeconomic Situation and Overview of Retail Market and General merchandise………………………………………………...5 2.2 Background of Supermarkets………………………………………15 2.3 Background of Retail outlets……………………………………….18 2.4 Extent of Foreign vs. Domestic Investment in the Retail Market….19 2.5 Trend of Consumers Behaviors-Consumer Focus on Health and Diet-Driven Growth………………………………………………..21 3. Causality Test Related Retail Sector by Agricultural Production and Trade……………………………………………………...........23 4. Firm Level Analysis…………………………………………..................28 4.1 Data Envelopment Analysis………………………………………..30 4.2 The Source and Characteristic of Data…..…………………………35 4.3 The Result of Empirical Illustration………………………………..39 5. Conclusion: Policy Implications………………………………………...53 Reference…………………………………………………………………...55 Appendix…………………………………………………………………...60 List of Table Table 1 The Development of General Merchandise……………………………….7 Table 2 Sales and Annual Growth Rate of General Merchandise-by Industry…...11 Table 3 Background of main supermarkets with FDI, 1981-1990……………….17 Table 4 Ranking of the Main Supermarket, 1999-2003………………………….17 Table 5 The Leading Retail Outlets in Taiwan, 1999-2003……………………...19 Table 6 FDI in Retail Market……………………………………………………..20 Table 7 The Results of Unidirectional Causality Test of Agricultural Production.26 Table 8 The Result of Unidirectional Causality Test of Agricultural Import……..27 Table 9 Net Sale of Supermarket and Retail Outlet, 1990-2003…………………28 Table 10-1 Operating Conditions of Supermarket, 2001…………………………36 Table 10-2 Operating Conditions of Supermarket, 2001…………………………36 Table 10-3 Operating Conditions of Supermarket, 2001…………………………37 Table 11-1 Operating Conditions of Supermarket, 2001…………………………38 Table 11-2 Operating Conditions of Supermarket, 2001…………………………38 Table 11-3 Operating Conditions of Retail Outlet, 2001…………………………39 Table 12 Literature Review of Input and Output of Retail Efficiency Performance……………………………………………………………..41 Table 13 Input and Output Variables of DEA Model – Supermarkets…………...43 Table 14 The Correlation of Input and Output Variables – Supermarkets……….43 Table 15 Result of Supermarkets’ Efficiency Performance……………………...44 Table 16 Result of Efficiency Performance of Four Regions……………………45 Table 17 ANOVA Result of Efficiency Performance……………………………48 Table 18 Correlation of Input and Output of Retail Outlet………………………49 Table 19 Result of Retail Outlets’ Efficiency Performance……………………..49 Table 20 Result of Efficiency Performance of Retail Sector…………………….51 Table 21 Result of One-way ANOVA Test……………………………………...52 Appendix 1 the Original Data of Input and Output of Supermarkets……….........60 Appendix 2 the Original Data of Input and Output of Retail Outlets……….........63 Appendix 3-1 The Result of Supermarkets’ Efficiency Performance, the Southern Region…………………………………………………………….64 Appendix 3-2 The Result of Supermarkets’ efficiency Performance, the Middle Region…………………………………………………………….65 Appendix 3-3 The Result of Supermarkets’ Efficiency Performance, the Northern Region…………………………………………………………….66 Appendix 3-4 The Result of Supermarkets’ Efficiency Performance, the Eastern Region…………………………………………………………….67 Appendix 4 The result of retail outlets’ efficiency performance…………………68 Appendix 5-1 The Result of Whole Retail Sector, the Southern Supermarkets….69 Appendix 5-2 The result of whole retail sector, the Middle supermarkets……….70 Appendix 5-3 The result of whole retail sector, the Northern supermarkets……..71 Appendix 5-4 The result of whole retail sector, the Eastern supermarkets……....72 Appendix 5-5 The Result of retail Outlet Efficiency Performance……................73 Appendix 6 The Original Data for Causality Test……..........................................74 List of Figure Figure 1 The Combination of Retail Market in Taiwan……………………………6 Figure 2 Trend in Retail Market, General Merchandise and Retail Sector, 1999-2004………………………………………………………………...7 Figure 3 Trend of Retail Market and General Merchandise, 1994-2004………….8 Figure 4 The Trend of Individual Catalogs of General Merchandise, 1999-2004...9 Figure 5 the Market Share of Individual Catalog of General Merchandise, 1994-2004……………………………………………………………….12 Figure 6 The Composition of Supermarket Sales, Taiwan……………………….12 Figure 7 Split of Shopping Occasions between Modern and Traditional outlets...15 Figure 8 FDI to Retail Market in Taiwan, 1952-2003……………………………21 Figure 9: Technical Efficiency in Input-oriented Measures……………………...32 Figure 10 Scale Efficiency in Input-oriented Measures………………………….34 Figure 11 Efficiency Performances of Four Regions…………………………….46 Figure 12 Efficiency Performances of Supermarkets and Retail outlets…………51616696 bytesapplication/pdfen-US超級市場量販店資料包絡分析法DEAsupermarketretail outlet[SDGs]SDG2thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/59033/1/ntu-94-R92627008-1.pdf