2011-08-162024-05-14https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/658078摘要：臺灣因經濟蓬勃發展使得用水需求量急增，又因時空分布不均豐枯水期降雨量差異相當懸殊及儲水設施不足，而地下水在成本低廉、水溫水量穩定、水質良好且取用方便等因素之下，致使地下水成為枯水期間或缺乏儲水設施地區之重要水源，以補充農業、工業及民生用水之匱乏。然而不當的開發行為使部分沿海地區發生嚴重之地下水位下降、地層下陷現象，進而帶來海水倒灌、土壤鹽化與海水入侵等災害，造成環境與經濟的雙重損失。過去對於地下水產生的各項問題主要採被動的「防災策略」，如在地層下陷方面以填土方式解決，但若地下水持續流失，新的土壤顆粒仍承受不了上方壓力，且遭受壓密的土壤即使有地下水補充亦無法再度回脹，不能根本解決地層下陷問題。因此除防災措施我們應更加強調與推動「水資源保育」策略。本計畫研擬蒐集相關資料，進行水文系統分析及探討山區之水文環境狀況，並評估試驗區域之當地條件與需求，研擬有效點狀補注地下水方式及點位，擬採取人工補注方式或抬升河川水位，增加河道入滲量，探討對地下水的補注效益。在森林部分，探討強化森林涵養水源功能如植被、穩定邊坡等，減少水土流失，評估其增加可含蓄水源之地層空間。為了解地面水與地下水間之補注關係及交換作用，以氫氧同位分析評估探討地面水/地下水交互補注之特徵。藉由分析上游山區水文變化情況，評估上游山區水資源在不同水文條件下之入滲量，及其對於沖積扇地下水補注之機制，並積極舉辦以水資源保育為主題的國際研討會1場與其他國家交流與探討，分享台灣經驗並藉此提高台灣於水資源保育研究技術，期能為水資源保護與管理和上游山區地下水補注機制提供有系統及科學之根據。<br> Abstract: In Taiwan, vigorous economic development has led to a dramatic increase in water demands. Due to the uneven spatial and temporal rainfall distribution between wet and drought periods and the lack of water storage facilities, groundwater has become an important water resource to fulfill the deficiency of agricultural, industrial and public water demands during drought periods and/or in the areas lack of water storage facilities by taking several factors, such as low cost, stable water temperature, steady supply of water, good water quality and easy extraction of groundwater, into consideration. However, improper extraction of groundwater will result in both environmental and economic losses because it has caused not only severe land subsidence and groundwater level declines in some coastal regions but also seawater inundation, soil salinization and seawater intrusion. In the past, passive “hazard prevention programs” were conducted when facing groundwater problems, such as applying land reclamation to mitigating land subsidence. However if groundwater flows away continuously, new soil particles will be unable to stand overhead pressure and densified soils can not be bulged upward even with groundwater recharge, which fails to solve the fundamental problems of land subsidence. Therefore, more efforts should be focused on emphasizing and promoting the “water resources conservation” strategy in addition to hazard prevention programs. The purpose of this project is to investigate the benefits of groundwater recharge by increasing river-channel infiltration rates through either conducting artificial groundwater recharge or raising water levels in rivers, and to establish a method for effective punctual recharges of groundwater with the desired spots based on collected data, the analysis of hydrological systems, the investigation on the water environment in mountainous areas and the evaluation on the local requirements and conditions at experimental areas. For the forest part, this project not only investigates the functions of enhanced forest management such as vegetation and slope stability to benefit water sources and mitigate the water and soil erosion, but also evaluates the increase in strata space for water storage. To understand the relationship and interactions of water recharge between surface water and groundwater, the hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis is applied to identifying the characteristics of such interactions. By analyzing the hydrological conditions in the upstream areas of mountains, this project assesses both the infiltration rates under different hydrological conditions and the mechanism of groundwater recharge for alluvial fans. In addition, an international conference for water resources conservation will be held for enhancing the research techniques in water resources conservation in Taiwan through exchanging and sharing research experiences between the scientists from Taiwan and other countries. This project aims to provide a systematic and scientific foundation for establishing a groundwater recharge mechanism in the upstream areas of mountains and for the management and conservation of water resources.水資源保育森林集水區地下水補注Water Resources ConservationForest WatershedGroundwater recharge