陳宏宇Chen, Hongey臺灣大學:地質科學研究所施尊穎Shih, Tsun-YingTsun-YingShih2010-05-112018-06-282010-05-112018-06-282009U0001-1408200913074900http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/182917本研究嘗試探討台東鹿野溪集水區流域在2006年4月1日卑南地震(M L = 6.2)過後，其地層滑動與河川化性間之相關性。研究結果顯示，該集水區流域在卑南地震前之地層滑動的崩塌率為1.3%，地震後之崩塌率上升至1.7 %。同年5月17日珍珠颱風後之崩塌率為2.3%。隔年韋帕颱風後則下降至2.1 %。2006年之年輸砂量27百萬噸，也遠高於過去十年來之年平均輸砂量12百萬噸。此意義顯示，研究區域內之地層可能受到卑南地震擾動的影響，使得地質材料膠結較為鬆散，加上後續珍珠颱風帶來24小時276mm累積雨量的侵蝕，使得地表下原本已膠結鬆散之地質材料，在水壓力作用下，產生崩解破壞，並隨水流的動力流入河道內。究區域內屬於畢祿山層之崩塌率為3.6%，遠高於大南澳片岩層之1.4%。主要是由於畢祿山層的岩石強度(介於29.4 MPa至36.7 MPa)，比大南澳片岩層介於53.6 MPa至61.6 MPa強度弱，同時畢祿山層的岩層也較為破碎，單位體積節理數23.4 N/m3，高於大南澳片岩層的10.6 N/m3。 另外，本研究區主要之溶解態離子濃度在卑南地震前(2005年)，與地震後(2006年)之枯水期（11月至4月）的量測值比較發現，鈉離子（Na+）於地震前之月平均值為13.7 mg/l，地震後上升至27.2 mg/l ；鉀離子（K+）由2.8 mg/l，上升至地震後的3.3 mg/l，鎂離子(Mg2+)由15.7 mg/l上升至地震後的15.8 mg/l。卑南地震後接續而來之珍珠颱風，不僅提高了地層滑動及輸砂量，也同時增加了河川中主要溶解態離子的濃度。這些溶解態離子主要是源自於集水區內畢祿山層級大南澳片岩崩解岩塊內之斜長石、雲母，以及黏土礦物等主要礦物。 此外，顆粒性總碳含量與輸砂量呈現相反的變化趨勢，而豐水期有機碳含量由0.44 %上升至0.53 %，主要是來自於季節性變動的植被供應源。This study focus on the relationships between landslides and stream chemistry in Lu-Ye river catchment after Bei-Nan earthquake (Mt = 6.2) and subsequent typhoon events. The result shows that the landslide ratio was 1.3% before Bei-Nan earthquake. It rose to 1.7% after the earthquake, 2.3% after typhoon Chan-Chu, 1.9% after typhoon Wipha. The annual sediment discharge in 2006 is 27 Mt/y which is 2.3 times of the mean value (12Mt/y) of past decade. These results indicate that the consolidation of bedrocks in Lu-Ye catchment was getting weaker when they underwent strong shaking movement after Bei-Nan earthquake. The following Chan-Chu typhoon resulted in heavy rainfall (276mm/day) and triggered the slope failure, and the landslides material was flushed into river channel. The main factors controlled landslide distribution are rock strength and joint number. The rock strength in Bilushan formation (29.4MPa-26.7MPa) is weaker than Dananao formation (53.6MPa-61.6 MPa), and the joint number in Bilushan formation is higher than Dananao formation. These factors caused the higher landslide ratio in Bilushan formation (3.6% in Bilushan formation and 1.4% in Dananao formation). he major dissolved ions in river water were getting higher after the earthquake and typhoon Chan-Chu but showed no remarkable trend after typhoon Wipha. This result indicate that the earthquake and Chan-Chu typhoon not only resulted in huge amount landslide and sediment delivered to the river , but also affect the river water chemistry. The rising ion concentration may be attributed to the minerals (feldspars, micas and clay minerals) in rock. The particulate carbon experiment result showed that the percentage were lower in wet seasons and increased 4 times in dry seasons. The rising of particulate organic carbon was due to plants decomposing on catchment slope.第一章 序論 ..............................................1.1研究動機與目的.........................................1.2地理位置及交通概況.....................................2二章 文獻回顧........................................5.1地層滑動特性及輸砂量...................................5.2流域地質及水文條件與河川化性關係 ......................8.3河水顆粒性總碳及有機碳討論 ...........................12三章 區域概況 .........................................14.1地質概況 .............................................14.2水系及氣候概況 .......................................19.3地震颱風事件 .........................................19四章 研究方法 .........................................21.1 野外調查及取樣...................................... 21.1.1單位體積節理數估算 ................................ 21.1.2施密特鎚試驗....................................... 21.1.3岩石及溪水取樣..................................... 21.2 岩石性質試驗........................................ 23.2.1自然物理性質試驗................................... 23.2.2岩石強度試驗....................................... 23.3流量輸砂量估算....................................... 23.4 地層滑動判釋........................................ 25.5 岩象學分析.......................................... 26.6 溪水化性分析........................................ 26五章 研究結果..........................................29.1單位體積節理數........................................29.2岩石強度..............................................30.3岩石性質..............................................31.4輸砂量估算............................................32.5地層滑動的判釋........................................37.6礦物含量..............................................40.7溪水化性分析結果......................................40.7.1 溪水顆粒性總碳及有機碳含量.........................40.7.2 主要溶解態離子濃度分析.............................43六章 地層滑動與輸砂量之關係............................49.1地層滑動分布之高程與坡度..............................49.2地層滑動與面積機率之關係..............................52.3流量與輸砂量..........................................54.4地震與輸砂量..........................................56.5降雨量與輸砂量關係.......................,............57.6地層滑動與地質材料之特性.................,............60七章 地層滑動與溪水化性之關係..................,.......63.1輸砂量與顆粒性總碳關係..................,.............63.2地層滑動與溶解態離子之關係..............,.............65-3與鄰近集水區之比較..................,........,........69八章 結論........................,..........,..........71考文獻........................,..........,.............72錄一 施密特錘試驗換算單壓強度表,.........,.............85錄二 單位體積節理數估算.......,..........,.............86錄三 自然物理性質試驗方法.....,..........,.............87錄四 消散耐久性試驗方式........,.........,.............89錄五 點荷重試驗方法............,..........,............90錄六 顆粒性總碳試驗方法........,..........,............92錄七 顆粒性有機碳試驗前處理方法,.......................93錄八 輸砂量估算公式..........,........................,94錄九 溶解態離子濃度表..........,..........,............95錄十 流量與輸砂量資料..........,..........,............96錄十一 山崩判釋成果圖..........,.........,............100錄十二 點荷重強度試驗結果......,......................102錄十三 自然物理性質試驗結果...,.......................104錄十四 施密特鎚試驗結果........,..........,...........105錄十五 單位體積節理數估算結果...,.....................107application/pdf3553148 bytesapplication/pdfen-US地層滑動颱風地震河川化性landslidetyphoonearthquakeriver chemistrythesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/182917/1/ntu-98-R96224109-1.pdf