戴昌鳳2006-07-252018-06-282006-07-252018-06-282001http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/14775本計畫第一年之目標在於經由全面調 查、採樣與產狀比較，驗證珊瑚礁在泥岩 基底上最初發育機制的推論。綜合野外剖 面調查與室內岩心觀察的結果，台灣西南 部冷泉滲流碳酸鹽岩的產狀可區分為六大 類型：(1)管狀構造岩體, (2)泥丘狀或生物 堆狀岩體, (3)筒狀岩體, (4)蕈狀岩體, (5)層 狀岩體, (6)泥岩礫。此六類碳酸鹽岩具有下 列共同特徵：(1)均發育於較低能量環境所 沈積的泥質岩地層中；(2)岩性與圍岩不 同：成岩作用較為完全、遠較圍岩堅硬， 並且有穿刺泥質岩層理發育的現象；(3)與 圍岩相較，反映出沈積與成岩作用同時發 生的現象；(4)所含化石種類少，並且均以 L. goliath為主要組成；(5)發育位置鄰近斷 層、背斜軸，或向斜軸等構造線；(6)附近 地層未見大規模擾動現象；(7)鄰近地區至 今仍有天然氣逸出。此外，根據對一百個 以上標本的X-ray 繞射分析結果，研究區 域內冷泉滲流碳酸鹽岩的主要礦物組成為 白雲石、含鐵白雲石、鐵白雲石、錳白雲 石，以及石英；僅有少數標本的碳酸鹽礦 物組成為方解石與霰石。綜合野外剖面與 鑽探岩心的觀察，以及前人的研究結果， 顯示臺灣西南部的前陸盆地在地形高區形 成至珊瑚礁開始發育之前，可能普遍有冷 泉滲流，而礁灰岩的發育則可能是由於背 斜高區的持續淺化所致。We surveyed the fossil reefs in southwestern Taiwan to study the formation and transition of coral reefs in turbid environment. Six types of cold-seep carbonates can be distinguished based on the results of field surveys and drilling-core analyses. They are column-like, mound-like or biohermal, plume-like, mushroom-like, lamellar structures, as well as pebbles, cobbles & boulders. These types of carbonates share the following characteristics: (1) all developed in low energy environment; (2) a harder structure indicating a more complete diagenesis; (3) sedimentation occurred simultaneously with diagenesis; (4) containing few fossils, mainly L. goliath; (5) developed near faults, clinal or anticlinal axes; (6) absence of large scale disturbances in nearby areas; (7) neighboring areas still rich in natural gas recently. In addition, the results of X-ray analyses showed that the major composition of these cold-seep carbonates are dolomite, dolomite (ferroan), ankerite, kutnahorite, and crystals although few samples contained calcite and aragonite. The results indicated that there were widespread cold-seeps before the development of coral reefs in southwestern Taiwan and the cold-seep carbonates provided the hardground for the formation of coral reefs during the shallowing of structural highs on the foreland basin.application/pdf33066 bytesapplication/pdfzh-TW國立臺灣大學海洋研究所化石珊瑚礁古海洋環境長期變遷台灣西南部fossil reefspaleoceanographylong-term changesSW Taiwanreporthttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/14775/1/892611M002036.pdf