2014-10-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/684568摘要：氣候變遷為全球極為關注的議題，其影響全球氣溫朝向兩極化發展，如此之極端氣候對農、林、漁、牧的生產及發展造成莫大的衝擊。氣候變遷於農業各領域的影響具有複雜的交互關係。在高溫逆境下，各項糧食及經濟作物的生產受顯著的威脅，其中飼料作物之產量及品質均受影響，此現象進一步影響畜牧業的產能及經營成本。在氣溫升高環境下，不僅飼料供應源不穩定，其對動物本身的影響亦甚巨，例如溫度高於臨界值時，牛隻體溫調節效率下降，乳牛將出現總乳量下降或泌乳效能下降症狀。因此耐逆境飼料作物之選育及栽培對於提供穩定且高品質之飼料源為穩定畜牧產業的重要因子之一；而長期監控環境溫度對牛隻採食、泌乳量及配種率的影響，可提供酪農養殖的參考，以降低風險。為降低氣候變遷對農、畜牧業之衝擊，本校生農學院之各研究團隊在牛乳生產及作物耐逆境方面已各別有累積之研究成果，本計畫將進而整合各領域進行系統性研究，探討環境逆境對作物生理及乳牛泌乳之影響，並期研究成果應用於耐逆境飼料作物之開發及評估其對乳牛生長及泌乳之貢獻。計畫主要之工作項目包含:1.更新牧場電腦自動化擠乳設備，以長期監控環境溫度對牛隻採食、產乳量及配種率的影響，數據可提供酪農養殖的參考；2.建立高靈敏度及高效能之光合作用及葉綠素螢光分析設備(葉綠素螢光影像分析儀、攜帶式光合作用葉綠素螢光分析儀)，以進行環境逆境對作物之生理影響分析，其系統及數據將可做為耐逆境作物選育之參考；3. 建立掃描式電子顯微鏡微3D電腦斷層分析設備，以觀察環境逆境下飼料作物內含物(如澱粉顆粒)及乳牛泌乳乳汁內含物(如蛋白質顆粒) 之構形，並以3D立體影像輸出，比較環境逆境前後3D實物之差異，並探討可能成因以提供將來改進之參考。<br> Abstract: Climate change is a serious global issue. Extreme weather, increase temperature, high frequency drought and flooding have a broad and significant impact on agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and animal husbandry-production. The impacts of climate changes on agriculture systems is complicate. The production of food crops and economic plants under the high temperature stress is a remarkable challenge, in which quantity and quality of forage crop production are also affected. Since forages are essential for animal production, unstable forage supply would have negative influences on animal husbandry. In high temperature stress,dairy cattle thermoregulatory efficiency will be reduced and further conducted the milk yield and lactation performance drop. Therefore, longterm monitoring of the effect of ambient temperature on the dairy cattle feed, milk yield and breeding rate can provide informative references for dairy farmers. In addition, breeding and cultivation of forage crops with high stress tolerance are beneficial for providing stable and high quality feeding source in animal husbandry. Several research teams in College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University (NTU) have focused to study milk production system and crop stress tolerance.This project aims to integrate different research fields for systemic analysis and assessment of the effects of the environmental stresses on forage crop physiology and dairy cattle lactation. The results will be applied to breed stress tolerance crops and assess the effect on the growth and lactation of dairy cattle. The main objectives included in this project are: 1. to upgrade the automatic milking equipment in the NTU livestock farm to observe the influence of different forage source and environmental factors on the dairy cattle lactation; 2. to set up a high-performance and high-sensitivity crop photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis equipments for monitor the response of crop stressphysiology; 3. to establish the scanning electron microscope (SEM) 3D Micro-CT equipment for detecting the conformation of nutrient components (such as starch granule and protein particle) in forage crops and milk.氣候變遷電腦自動化擠乳設備葉綠素螢光影像分析儀掃描式電子顯微鏡用微電腦斷層儀攜帶式光合作用葉綠素螢光分析儀climate changeautomatic milking equipmentimaging chlorophyll fluorometer3D Micro-CT for SEMportable CO2/H2O gas analysis equipment