2020-01-012024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/663882摘要：稻熱病為水稻重要病害，由病原真菌 Magnaporthe oryzae (Hebert) Barr 所引起。抗病品種的培育與栽種，為田間稻熱病重要的防治措施，符合有機永續農業的時代需求，亦為農藥減量重要的配套措施。但由於田間稻熱病菌族群複雜及快速地變異與演替，單一抗病水稻品種的大面積商業化種植，田間抗性往往無法長久維持，並且當環境及氣候因子適合時，常造成病害的大面積流行及嚴重的損失。因此，抗病育種工作的進行，商業化品種的種植與推廣，及抗病品種田間抗性的維持，皆有賴田間稻熱病菌族群生理小種的掌握與監測，以及族群演化機制的瞭解。本 計畫的目標，主要以族群譜系及AVR基因為標的，持續監測分析臺灣地區稻熱病菌主要生理小種族群AVR基因之狀態及動態變化，瞭解臺灣稻熱病菌族群生理小種之演替及與水稻抗病基因之關聯，此外配合良質米品種抗稻熱病多系選育品種的育成及栽培策略，分析病害發生的情形，病原菌族群結構的演替，提供未來抗稻熱病多系選育品種推廣的基礎。<br> Abstract: Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae(Hebert) Barr, is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice in many countries including Taiwan. Breeding and deployment of resistant varieties are important control measures for blast disease which meet the trend of organic and sustainable agriculture and reduce the usage of fungicides. However, field populations of rice blast fungus are complicated, highly dynamic and quickly mutated or evolved, and field resistance of newly released varieties has been quickly broken down within few years. When environmental and climate conditions are favorable, severe epidemics and significant yield loss usually occur in the monoculture commercial fields. To sustain breeding program, effectively deploy resistant varieties, and prolong or maintain field resistance, it is necessary to monitor the structure and variation of rice blast fungus and understand the evolution of pathogen population in the fields. In this study, we aim to utilize Pot2 rep-PCR fingerprinting technique and avirulence ( AVR )genes to continuously monitor the dynamics of blast population in Taiwan. We also aim to characterize the mutation features of AVR genes and try to correlate the physiological races with the resistance natures of Taiwan elite rice varieties. We will also continuously monitor and determine the genetic features of physiological races infected TN11 variety. Furthermore, we also aim to monitor and evaluate the occurrence of blast disease and evolution of pathogen population in the fields deployed the marker-assisted molecular breeding TN11 mono-resistance varieties. We hope that the data from our long term monitoring efforts will provide useful information of population structure of rice blast fungus in Taiwan and serve as the foundation for future deployment of resistance varieties in Taiwan.水稻稻熱病稻熱病菌生理小種分子親緣分析AVR基因IRRI LTH IRBL lines判別品系族群演化監測技術ricerice blast diseaseMagnaporthe oryzaephysiological racePot2 rep-PCR phylogenetic analysisAVR genesIRRI LTH IRBL differential linespopulation evolutionsurveillance technique