Chen, T.-C.T.-C.ChenJiang, Z.-W.Z.-W.JiangHsu, T.-C.T.-C.HsuChen, H.-C.H.-C.ChenYAO-WEN CHANG2018-09-102018-09-10200802780070http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-45849140142&partnerID=MN8TOARShttp://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/341025In addition to wirelength, modern placers need to consider various constraints such as preplaced blocks and density. We propose a high-quality analytical placement algorithm considering wirelength, preplaced blocks, and density based on the log-sum-exp wirelength model proposed by Naylor et al. and the multilevel framework. To handle preplaced blocks, we use a two-stage smoothing technique, i.e., Gaussian smoothing followed by level smoothing, to facilitate block spreading during global placement (GP). The density is controlled by white-space reallocation using partitioning and cut-line shifting during GP and cell sliding during detailed placement. We further use the conjugate gradient method with dynamic step-size control to speed up the GP and macro shifting to find better macro positions. Experimental results show that our placer obtains very high-quality results. © 2008 IEEE.Legalization (LG); Physical design; PlacementConjugate gradient method; Analytical Placement; Density constraints; Gaussian smoothing; Legalization (LG); Physical design; Placement; Smoothing techniques; Step-size controls; Placersjournal article10.1109/TCAD.2008.9230632-s2.0-45849140142WOS:000257239100006