2009-08-012024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/665712摘要：本研究計畫是延續科技與民主的研究,探討一般民眾科技風險知覺形成與轉變的過程,將探討個人社會背景、科技知識程度、情緒、經驗感受(實踐理性決策)對於公眾科技風險的影響。另一方面，公眾在風險知覺與評估過程中，會從媒體接收到不同報導的內容、面對專家社群間的討論和衝突、參與專家和常民溝通、接收非政府組織的訊息傳遞和溝通、面對政府部門的決策方式和溝通模式、參與非正式網絡討論等，這些集體行動者對於公眾風險知覺架構的形成、風險的強化都會有一定程度的影響，因此也是必須要探究的鉅視面因素。本研究第二個探討的議題就是科技與民主間的關聯，基於科技是一種社會結構，是社會、政治、經濟與文化的作用物，因此科技知識的生產、應用和決策是應該有公民參與的可能性，至於公眾參與的模式是要符合民主的規範，由於不同民主原則(代議民主、審議民主)將開展出不同的公眾參與模式，本研究將會探討一般公民對不同公眾參與模式(公聽會、公民會議、公民投票、公民投票)的選擇和評價。此外，科技與民主透過風險概念的連結，顯現出社群主義式民主的重要性，主要是因為科技風險的外部性高，風險的判斷與風險後果的承擔是集體的，所以科技風險的討論不應該只是個人利益考量下的理性選擇，而是公眾社群身份的基礎上，以公共福祉為憑據，透過溝通討論發展更緊密的社會連帶，逐漸形成具有部份重疊的共識，再進行判斷。這樣的主張與審議式民主的原則是一致的，因此科技風險的討論比較適宜的方式是，透過審議民主公眾參與的模式來進行，本研究將檢驗這樣的假設是否能夠成立，並且也將探討一般公眾參與公民會議後，是否發展出更高的社群意識，以及公民決策的模式是否從社群角度來判斷。<br> Abstract: Based upon my previous research on science, technology and democracy, this project continues to investigate risk perception of the general public. On the one hand, it is important to conduct a micro-analysis in order to demonstrate how individual social backgrounds, emotion, practical experiences shape the framework of laypersons. On the other hand, a macro-level analysis emphasizes on how professional communities, non-governmental organizations, mass media, and governments influence citizen’s risk perception and evaluation. While science, technology, and society literatures highlight that science and technology are products of social, political-economic, and cultural structures. And, science and technology also function as an influential social structure in determining distribution of wealth, political power and prestige. Therefore, it is necessary for the general public to participate in production of science and technology knowledge and decision making of their applications. We are going to compare different models of public participation in democratization of science and technology and to investigate how people react to these models. Since risk of science and technology is with a great degree of externality, it is argued that public participation needs to base on principles of communitarian liberalism which is similar to deliberative democracy. Deliberative procedures are more appropriate than other models of democracy for public participation in evaluating and discussing science and technology risk. This is an important hypothesis which will be tested in this study. Finally, we will analyze how deliberative participation shapes various attitudes and cognitive abilities of participants and whether common benefit rather than self-interest becomes the criterion for their risk decision-making.科技風險科技與民主審議式民主公民會議共識會議核能科技基因科技riskrisk of science and technologysciencetechnology and democracydeliberative democracycitizen conferenceconsensus conferencenuclear power technologygenetic technology