2013-01-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/705352摘要：石化燃料造成全球暖化，將農作物油脂轉成生質柴油再次受到重視。使用固體觸媒的好處在於產物與固體觸媒易於分離，又避免產生大量廢酸鹼液。但固體觸媒存在液固相之間質傳阻力使反應時間變長，而且三酸甘油酯與醇類並不互溶，必須攪拌才可使反應物充分混合，同時反應物和固體觸媒也必須充分接觸才能降低質傳阻力。因此本計畫將研發一種連續式旋轉觸媒床反應器，將觸媒顆粒填充固定於反應器內，攪拌葉片用以攪拌油/醇之混合液，當葉片旋轉時油/醇混合液會穿過觸媒顆粒空隙，旋轉所產生的剪切力可降低觸媒邊界層厚度，促進三酸甘油酯與醇類充分混合，並使反應物和觸媒（Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaCO3）充分接觸降低質傳阻力加速轉酯化反應，同時連續生產生質柴油。計畫第一年已完成連續式旋轉觸媒床反應器設計組裝，批式操作時間從4小時減少到2小時，生質柴油產率達~90%+，已達成縮短反應時間50%目標。也完成CSTR連續生產生質柴油的目標，在steady-state flow system，residence time 2小時流速，生質柴油產率~100%。第二年預計解決自由游離脂肪酸(free fatty acids，FFA)的影響，使用高溫壓旋轉觸媒床反應器，使用超強固體酸觸媒在高溫高壓同時進行酯化和轉酯化，或在常溫壓經兩步驟酯化和轉酯化，將FFA轉成酯類，避免須預先分離FFA又可增加成生質柴油產率。<br> Abstract: The transformation of agricultural oils to biodiesel becomes an important research because of the global warming by fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be synthesized by the transesterification of triglyceride using solid catalyst. The advantages are easy separation of products and catalyst, and avoid a large amount of acid/base waste. However, there is solid-liquid mass transfer resistance between reactants and solid catalyst resulting in long reaction time. Furthermore, triglyceride and alcohol are not miscible so that vigorous stirring is required. The mass transfer resistance can also be reduced by intimate contact of reactants and catalyst. In the study, we will develop a continuously rotating-catalyst reactor. The solid catalyst is packed inside the reactor. Rotating blades are used to stir the mixture of triglyceride and alcohol. The mixture of triglyceride and alcohol penetrates through the void of packed-catalyst when the blades rotate. The boundary layer of liquid on the catalyst surface is significantly decreased due to the shearing strain. Therefore, the complete mixing of triglyceride and alcohol as well as the intimate contact of reactants and catalyst (Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaCO3) can be accomplished simultaneously. Biodiesel can be efficiently produced continuously because the transesterification speeds up by lowering mass-transfer resistance. In the first year, we designed a rotating bed reactor with continuous operation. The reaction time reduced from 4 to 2 hrs and achieved biodiesel yield 90%+ in batch mode. In the CSTR operation, the biodiesel yield reached 100% under residence-time near 2 hrs in steady-state flow. In the second year, the influence of free fatty acid (FFA) will be investigated. We will use the rotating bed reactor to perform esterification and transesterification simultaneously with super acid catalyst under high pressure and temperature. OR we will perform two sequent steps of esterification and transesterification under ambient pressure and temperature. Thus FFA can also be transformed to ester without pre-separation in feedstock so that the yield can be increased.生質柴油旋轉觸媒床反應器轉酯化固體觸媒再生能源biodieselrotating-catalyst reactortransesterificationsolid catalystrenewable energy