CHIUN-HO HOUChou, Yueh-ChingYueh-ChingChouPu, ChristyChristyPu2025-11-112025-11-112025-09https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/733639Background: This study compared ophthalmologists' and other health-care professionals' attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities in clinical and nonclinical settings. Methods: Between January 2022 and October 2023, a survey was conducted among 127 physicians, 100 optometrists/opticians, and 86 other health-care professionals in Taiwan. Their attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities in nonclinical and clinical settings were examined using 14-item and 8-item scales, respectively; data on their training and care experience were collected. Results: Ophthalmologists exhibited positive attitudes in nonclinical settings (mean = 55.9/70) but exhibited less positive attitudes in clinical settings (mean = 23.5/40). In clinical settings, ophthalmologists exhibited the highest scores across most items, indicating the most favourable attitudes. Optometrists generally had the second-highest scores, followed by other healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Ophthalmologists' attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities may considerably differ between clinical and nonclinical settings.enattitudesdisparityeye careintellectual disabilityophthalmologistsvision health[SDGs]SDG3journal article10.1111/jar.7012840999312