2008-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/697506摘要：計畫中文摘要 本計畫討論高達美與羅蒂的語言哲學，探討他們的語言概念能否到達世界，得到它的真理。 羅蒂認為，真的信念是被證成的信念。然而，證成是給出理由的工作，它在理由的領域中進行。但理由是信念，不是世界中的事物，因此，要證成一個信念，必須訴諸別的信念。於是，一個真的信念不是由事物證成，換言之，真的信念不是由於它與事物符應，真理的符應說在證成工作上是無效的。信念只關連於別的信念，不是關連到世界中的事物去。因此，信念不表徵世界，並且無法得到世界的真理。 高達美認為「可被理解的存有，就是語言」，這句名言有兩種解釋。首先，它指「可被理解的存有是語言性的，它向我們說話」，這是說，一切事物的本性是語言性的，它以說話的方式與人關連起來。其次，當人聆聽事物說話時，他可以藉著語言理解它們，甚至可以由語言去說出它們。語言雖然只說明了世界的一個面相，但不會流於相對主義，因為這個面相不是別的，而是世界本身。於是，語言是關於世界的語言，而世界呈現在語言中。 因此，若要求一個語言理論能妥當說明世界及得到世界的真理，高達美的語言哲學比羅蒂的更為合理。 <br> Abstract: Abstract The aim of this research is an investigation on the concept of language in Gadamer’ hermeneutics and Rorty’s neo-pragmatism, focusing on its relation with the world and the possibility of truth about the world. In Rorty a true belief is a justified belief. However justification is the task of reason giving that occurs in the space of reasons in which beliefs are played off against one another. In other words only a belief can justify a belief. Things in the world play no role in justification. Accordingly beliefs are not tools for getting the world right. Language can never reflect the way the world really is. By way of this conception of language, truth of the world can never be obtained. Gadame’s maxim “Being that can be understood is language” may be interpreted in two ways. First it means: “Being that can be understood is linguistic in nature, it begins to speak to us,” that is to say, things are of such a nature that of themselves they offer themselves to be understood in the way of speaking to us. Language is a medium by means of which man and things are connected together. Second, man belongs to things by listening to them, and he expresses his understanding of them in his speaking, that is, in the form of language. The multiplicity of different worldviews does not involve any relativization of the world, for what the world is in itself is not different from the view in which it presents itself. Language is language of the world, and world is the world in language. In the quest of a satisfactory theory of language, a theory that can gain access to the world and obtains truths of it, Gadamer’s theory is better than that of Rorty’s.高達美羅蒂語言哲學真理理論GadamerRortyPhilosophy of LanguageTheory of Truth