PO-HSIU KUOYu-Chu Ella Chung2019-07-082019-07-082019-030929-6646https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/412830https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053815445&doi=10.1016%2fj.jfma.2018.09.004&partnerID=40&md5=4c74b2600990c81c486f2d533f6c765cGrowing evidence link gut microbiome to the development and maturation of the central nervous system, which are regulated by microbiota potentially through stress response, neurotransmitter, neuroimmune, and endocrine pathways. The dysfunction of such microbiota-gut-brain axis is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, depression, and other stress-related conditions. Using affective disorders as our primary outcomes, we inspect the current evidence of microbiota studies mainly in human clinical samples. Additionally, to restore microbiome equilibrium in bacteria diversity and abundance might represent a novel strategy to prevent or treat mood symptoms. We reviewed findings from clinical trials regarding efficacy of probiotics supplement with or without antidepressant treatment, and adjuvant antimicrobiotics treatment. In microbiota studies, the considerations of host-microbiota interaction and bacteria-bacteria interaction are discussed. In conclusion, the roles of microbiota in depression and mania state are not fully elucidated. One of the challenges is to find reliable targets for functional analyses and experiments. Notwithstanding some inconsistencies and methodological limitations across studies, results from recent clinical trials support for the beneficial effects of probiotics on alleviating depressive symptoms and increasing well-beings. Moreover, modifying the composition of gut microbiota via antibiotics can be a viable adjuvant treatment option for individuals with depressive symptoms.enBipolar disorder; Depression; Gene–microbiome interaction; Gut-brain axis; Mania; Microbiota; Probiotics[SDGs]SDG3antibiotic agent; antidepressant agent; probiotic agent; bacterial microbiome; bipolar disorder; depression; diet; disease severity; feces microflora; host microbe interaction; human; intestine flora; mania; nonhuman; quality of life; Review; species diversity; bipolar disorder; brain; intestine flora; major depression; microbiology; pathophysiology; randomized controlled trial (topic); Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topicjournal articlehttps://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/8505381544510.1016/j.jfma.2018.09.004302622202-s2.0-85053815445WOS:000460898200006