陳弱水臺灣大學:歷史學研究所林漢文Lin, Han-WenHan-WenLin2010-05-052018-05-292010-05-052018-05-292009U0001-1808200920490700http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/179795本文的寫作目的,是想對士人政治這一歷史現象作考察,而研究方向乃在政教史的綜合。綜合政教兩面的觀察方式,必須首先假設政教合一的理想人間秩序確為士大夫階層的最高追求,則我們便可透過對此一階層的思想與行動之分析來解釋他們如何的去理解安排各色人等在其理想人間秩序中的合理位置,並在現實中又是如何將理論付諸實現的。是以本文首先針對傳統的士人政治所安排的社會藍圖作一概觀,從士的社會地位及產生選拔方式,以至於社會期望各點作分析。 唐宋兩代在時代上相連而在發展方向上卻有許多值得注意的對比,士人政治觀念的相異便是其中之一。本文議論雖橫跨唐宋數百年,其實要端始終如一,均在考察士人領袖對理想人間秩序的認知與實踐。文標題除了士論與道理之外,就是理學。但其實主要的篇幅不會花在理學本身上面,而更多處理北宋的政教。此源於本文認為當我們用人間理想秩序重建這一尺度來觀察宋代儒學,便會發現最後出也最具體系規模於此者,即是由朱子集其大成的理學。就本文的觀點論,便在於理學對孔門道理提出了唯一且絕對的天理假設,並試著依此假設而去理解萬事萬物在世界上各自不同的存在方式並賦與其整體一種意義。如此一來政教合一的理想人間秩序在理論上的完備便跨出了一大步。理學並不一定是最後或者最好的答案,但它確實試著為至少有宋一代的儒學發展提供總結。This thesis is aimed to peruse the historical phenomenon of Scholarly politics, combining political and philosophical history research. First, we need to establish that the scholar class’ utmost pursuit is to establish an ideal this-worldly order, which means harmonious between politics and Confucianism; then, by analyzing their ideas and actions, we can explain the way they perceive different people’s different place in this ideal this-worldly order and how they put it into practice. This thesis will survey the social map constructed by the traditional Scholarly politics, that is, the social status of scholar, the standard of selection, and the society’s expectation on them, etc.his thesis will spent more time on discussing the political and Confucianism activities in North Song dynasty than on Neo-Confucianism, because Neo-Confucianism was indeed trying to summarize Confucianism’s development in Song dynasty, successful or not. Since Neo-Confucianism believed in the existence of absolute truth and tried to perceive the world as a meaningful whole, it provided theoretical base for the ideal order in Scholarly politics; when we see Confucianism in Song dynasty as the rebuilding of an ideal order, we’ll find the Neo-Confucianism as the last and most systematically complete theory in the development of Confucianism in Song dynasty.導論…………………………………………………………………. 3一章 士人政治理念略述……………………………….………. 8一節 政教連繫的理由:德治與教化……………….…….. 8二節 士人政治的實踐:尚賢與公論……..…..…….…….. 16三節 士人政治理念的生命力………………...…………… 22二章 唐代士族社會的統治理念及其失效…….………………. 27一節 唐代士人政治的特色:流品與名教……...………… 27二節 士人政治衰退與中唐國勢的陵替…...……………… 54三節 唐末秩序的完全失控與士族地位的喪失……...…… 65三章 宋初秩序的復興及其瓶頸…….…………………………. 80一節 對唐治的模仿與朝廷權威的重建……...…………… 80二節 政府能力的局限性與改弦易轍的徴兆……………. 91四章 士人與政府關係之重新調整:仁宗朝的士人自覺運動 111一節 政治改革與士人自覺的關聯性:名教觀念的重振 111二節 「優優樂名教」:個人追求與群體目的之協調…… 126三節 士人清議與黨爭…………………….……………… 149四節 名教標準之建構努力與其困難:新五代史與春秋 164五章 士大夫政治的理想與挫折:變法的得與失…………… 185一節 何以為治?權術與道理、「群議」與「公論」之別 185二節 「從權」可能「合道」嗎?理想與現實的落差…… 198三節 論治可否不議道?司馬光的史學與現實政治觀… 211四節 祖宗之法與元祐之政的隱患………………………. 221論 理學的興起:反省與再出發的嘗試……………………… 234考書目…………………………………………………………… 247application/pdf1651683 bytesapplication/pdfen-US士人政治士論王安石歐陽修司馬光朱熹北宋政治Scholarly politicsscholarsNorth Song politicsZhu Xi,Wang AnshiSima Guang士論與道理:由宋代士人政治之發展解釋理學的興起脈絡An Interpretation of Confucianism in the Sung Dynastyfrom the Perspective of “Scholarly Politics”thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/179795/1/ntu-98-R93123010-1.pdf