HON-MAN LIUHuang Y.C.Wang Y.H.YONG-KWANG TU2020-03-122020-03-1220000028-3940https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033752892&doi=10.1007%2fs002340000405&partnerID=40&md5=aa51fce619973c63e33220d59bedddcfhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/476023We report the effectiveness of low-concentration n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA)-Lipiodol-tungsten mixture (10-15%) in the management of patients with aggressive or recurrent complex cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae (CSDAVF). We treated five patients with complex CSDAVF with a low concentration of an NBCA-Lipiodol-tungsten mixture after catheterisation of the feeding arteries arising from the external carotid artery. Three had a recurrent CSDAVF after transarterial particulate embolisation. Three refused transvenous treatment or could not be treated in this way; two patients had also feeding dural branches of the internal carotid artery. All patients had complete resolution of symptoms and signs within a month of the procedure. No definite neurological complication was found during follow-up ranging from 12 to 36 months. Transarterial embolisation with low-concentration cyanoacrylate appears to be an effective alternative management of aggressive or recurrent CSDAVF.[SDGs]SDG3enbucrilate; ethiodized oil; tungsten; adult; angiography; arteriovenous fistula; article; artificial embolism; catheterization; cavernous sinus; clinical article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; disease activity; dura mater; external carotid artery; female; follow up; human; internal carotid artery; male; neurological complication; priority journal; recurrent disease; surgical technique; symptomatologyjournal article10.1007/s002340000405111100832-s2.0-0033752892