國立臺灣大學政治學系暨研究所吳玉山2006-07-252018-06-282006-07-252018-06-282002-07-31http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/13800政治制度對於政治表現的影響是民主 鞏固研究當中最為重要的一個項目，同時 具有理論和現實的重大意義。我國採行半 總統制，在府會不一致的情況下如何產生 政府，又如何協調立法與行政之間的關 係，是我國半總統制最大的挑戰，也是最 值得學術界研究的課題。本研究試圖理解 造成各種半總統制府會互動模式的結構性 因素，並且用波蘭和中華民國的實例加以 驗證。在研究中發現，決定總統對國會採 取合作或對抗的結構性因素是總統任命權 力的大小、總統對於下一次國會選舉結局 的預期、以及總統是以絕對或相對多數當 選。決定國會策略的結構性因素是國會對 於下一次選舉結局的預期、國會中反對黨 的黨紀、和反對陣營分散的程度。研究中 將總統和國會雙方的權力加以數量化，發 現四種權力分配的形式和四種府會互動的 模式（國會優越─共治、府會妥協、府會 衝突、總統優越）相互對應。波蘭在府會 不一致的情況下表現出妥協模式，而台灣 基本上是總統優越模式，是因為在這兩個 國家當中，府會的相對地位不同。波蘭的 府會力量大致均衡，而台灣的總統勢凌國 會。The impact of political institution on political performance is a major research topic in the study of political consolidation. The ROC has adopted a semi-presidential system with its greatest challenge in forming a new government and managing the legislative-executive relation when the two branches are incongruent. This study attempts to analyze the factors leading to four types of interaction between the president and the parliament under incongruence, and demonstrates the validity of the theory through the cases of Poland and Taiwan. We find that presidential strategy is determined by the president’s appointing power, his expectation of the next parliamentary elections, and whether he was elected with a majority or a plurality. On the other hand, the parliamentary strategy is determined by the parliament’s expectations of the outcome of its next elections, discipline of the opposition party (or parties), and fractionalization of the opposition. By assigning values to the six considerations on the president’s and the parliament’s sides, we find there is a high correlation between the power positions of the two players, and the four president-parliament interaction modes (parliamentary supremacy— cohabitation, compromise, conflict, and presidential supremacy). The reason that Poland takes the compromise mode while the ROC takes the president supremacy mode is found in the relative power positions of the two presidents vis-à-vis the two parliaments.application/pdf242872 bytesapplication/pdfzh-TW國立臺灣大學政治學系暨研究所民主鞏固憲政制度半總統制波蘭台灣democratic consolidationsemi-presidential systemPolandTaiwanreporthttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/13800/1/902414H002002.pdf