高全良臺灣大學:醫事技術學研究所趙元章Chao, Yuan-ChangYuan-ChangChao2007-11-292018-07-062007-11-292018-07-062005http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/62828登革病毒是屬於黃質病毒科的一種,並可區分為四種血清型(分別為DENV-1、DENV-2、DENV-3及DENV-4),其媒介是白線斑蚊及埃及斑蚊,在臨床上可造成一般的登革熱、嚴重的登革出血熱(dengue hemorrhagic fever,DHF)及登革休克症候群(dengue shock syndrome,DSS)。蠶豆症(favism)是由於Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 酵素缺乏所造成的疾病,有研究指出嚴重的G6PD酵素缺乏容易遭受細菌或病毒的感染,甚至造成慢性肉牙腫(chronic granulomatous disease, CGD) 的情況。台灣地區G6PD缺乏患者平均約有3 %的盛行率,且台灣地區同時為登革病毒流行的區域,因此為研究G6PD缺乏患者是否較容易被登革病毒感染及是否若感染後較容易造成嚴重的病症,於是收集12位蠶豆症患者及24位健康個體來進行研究,並從人類周邊血液中分離出單核球,在體外以每細胞中的病毒感染量(multiplicity of infection, MOI)為0.1時,去感染第二型登革病毒兩種病毒株(New Guinea C及16681),再培養三天後將單核球進行雙色染色,最後以流式細胞儀進行結果分析。 結果顯示New Guinea C在健康個體之單核球的感染率平均值為20.23±6.22 %(8.03 % ~ 30.40 %);在G6PD缺乏者中的感染率平均值為33.36±3.48 %(27.20 % ~ 39.16 %)(p<0.01)。16681在健康個體之單核球的感染率平均值為27.41±7.11 % (12.29 % ~ 37.10 %);也在G6PD缺乏者中的感染率平均值較高而為40.74±3.73 %(35.06 % ~ 48.87 %)(p<0.01)。由此可知G6PD缺乏者之單核球對第二型登革病毒的兩不同病毒株(New Guinea C或16681)的感染率均比健康個體單核球的感染率來得高,且具統計意義。此外16681無論在G6PD缺乏者或在健康個體之單核球的感染率也均高於New Guinea C(p<0.05),即來自登革出血熱病人的病毒與來自登革熱病人的病毒也有所不同。 從本研究中可得到初步之結論,即宿主因子可能在登革病毒感染中扮演重要之角色。此外本研究亦發現不同登革病毒株在同一宿主下,所引起之感染率不同,即引起重症(DHF/DSS)之登革病毒株16681比引起登革熱之病毒株New Guinea C具更高之感染力。此項研究有助於台灣未來登革流行加強對患有蠶豆症病人的衛生教育工作。Dengue virus is a member of family Flaviviridae. There are four serotypes of dengue virus, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. The vectors of dengue virus are Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti and dengue virus can cause mild dengue fever (DF), or severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Favism is a disease resulting from deficiency of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD. The G6PD deficiency patients are easier infected by bacteria or virus even develop chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). In average, the prevalence of G6PD deficiency is about 3% in Taiwan and Taiwan is also an epidemic area of dengue virus. To study whether G6PD deficiency patients are susceptible to dengue virus and the infection is easier to cause severe syndrome. We have collected twelve G6PD deficiency patients and twenty four normal people to investigate. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and these monocytes were in vitro infected by two different strain of dengue virus serotype 2 (New Guinea C and 16681) at multiplicity of infection (MOI)= 0.1. After culturing for three days, the monocytes were double stained and analyzed by flowcytometer. The result found that the average infection rate of New Guinea C to normal people monocytes was 20.23±6.22 % (8.03 % ~ 30.40 %) and to G6PD deficiency patients’ monocytes was 33.36±3.48 % (27.20 % ~ 39.16 %) (p<0.01). The average infection rate of 16681 to normal people monocytes was 27.41±7.11 % (12.29 % ~ 37.10 %) and to G6PD deficiency patients’ monocytes was 40.74±3.73 % (35.06 % ~ 48.87 %) (p<0.01). According to the results, G6PD deficiency patients’ monocytes had statistically significant higher infection rate than normal ones even in New Guinea C or 16681. In addition, 16681 has higher infection rate than New Guinea C both in G6PD deficiency patients’ monocytes and normal ones (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the host factor plays an important role in the infection of dengue virus. In addition, the infection rate of different strains of dengue viruses in the same host was not the same. The strain of dengue virus 16681, isolated from DHF/DSS, possesses better ability to infect human monocytes than New Guinea C isolated from dengue fever. Therefore, we can apply theses above finding in educating patients with favism to avoid dengue virus infection and thus minimize their healthy threat.中文摘要........................................................................................1 英文摘要………………………………………………….…….………3 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………..…….....5 一、登革病毒簡介……………………………..…………..……….6 1.1 簡介………………………………………….……..……..…6 1.2 登革病毒的複製………………………………………….....7 二、登革病毒臨床症狀…...........................................................8 三、登革病毒的流行病學…......................................................10 3.1 全球的流行概況…......................................................…10 3.2 台灣的流行概況…..........................................................11 四、登革病毒的致病機轉…......................................................12 4.1 樹突細胞(Dendritic cell;DC).............................…...12 4.2 單核球與巨噬細胞(Monocyte and Macrophage).......13 4.3 內皮細胞(Endothelial cell).........................................13 五、G6PD缺乏症簡介…..........................................................17 六、G6PD缺乏症之流行病學與基因分析….............................19 七、G6PD的代謝及其在紅血球中的角色…..............................20 八、G6PD在白血球中的重要性及免疫關係..............................21 九、G6PD缺乏症的免疫能力…................................................22 十、登革病毒與G6PD缺乏症的相關研究…..............................23 十一、研究動機與目的…..........................................................24 第二章 實驗材料及製備…............................................................25 一、細胞株…............................................................................26 二、病毒株…............................................................................26 三、登革病毒抗體….................................................................27 四、試藥之製備….....................................................................27 五、檢體的來源及篩選…..........................................................30 第三章 實驗方法與步驟…............................................................31 一、細胞培養…........................................................................32 二、登革病毒株的繼代與儲存…...............................................33 三、免疫螢光染色法(IFA)….................................................34 四、病毒活性之滴定: 溶斑試驗(plaque assay)....................35 五、單核細胞(Monocyte)分離方法…...................................35 5.1傳統法............................................................................35 5.2 MACS system................................................................37 六、病毒之感染與培養..............................................................39 七、細胞固定、穿孔與染色…...................................................39 八、以流式細胞儀分析受感染的單核球細胞…..........................40 九、溶斑減少中和試驗(PRNT).............................................41 十、反轉錄即時聚合酵素鏈鎖反應……....................................42 第四章 實驗結果……………………………………………………..45 一、傳統法與MACS分離之單核球純度比較…………………..46 二、人類單核球感染登革病毒之螢光染色結果………………....46 三、登革病毒感染的時程(time course)試驗………..……….47 四、單核球分離法對登革病毒之比較…………………..………..47 五、健康個體與G6PD缺乏病患對登革病毒之感受性之比較...48 六、即時反轉錄聚合酵素鏈鎖反應之最適化…………………....49 第五章 討論…………………………………………………………..52 圖表與說明……………………………………………………………57 參考文獻………………………………………………………………71 表 次 目 表一、健康個體與G6PD缺乏患者之相關資料…………………..58 表二、傳統法與MACS分離單核球純度比較……………………..60 表三、以傳統法與MACS所取得之單核球對登革病毒 之感受性………………………………………………………61 表四、RT real-time PCR primer 濃度最適化之結果表……..……62 圖 目 次 圖一、傳統法與MACS分離之單核球純度比較…………………...63 圖二、未感染登革病毒之N01人類單核球免疫螢光染色結果…...64 圖三、N01之人類單核球感染DENV-2(New Guinea C)三 天之免疫螢光染色結果………………………………...…….64 圖四、健康個體N01之單核球感染登革病毒一至五天後之情 形(流式細胞儀分析結果)………………………………....65 圖五、健康個體與G6PD缺乏患者單核球對登革病毒之感染率...66 圖六、健康個體感染登革病毒後之流式細胞結果圖………………67 圖七、G6PD缺乏病患感染登革病毒後之流式細胞結果圖………68 圖八、primer濃度之分離曲線圖……………………………………69 圖九、健康個體N01之單核球感染登革病毒一至五天之病 毒量(溶斑試驗分析結果)……………………..…………..70 圖十、健康個體N01之單核球感染登革病毒一至五天之病 毒量(RT real-time PCR)…………………….……………70813178 bytesapplication/pdfen-US登革病毒單核球G6PD缺乏症蠶豆症感染率流式細胞儀dengue virusmonocyteG6PD deficiencyfavisminfection rateflowcytometery[SDGs]SDG3第二型登革病毒在G6PD缺乏病人單核球體外感染之研究In vitro infection of G6PD-deficient patients’ monocytes with dengue virus serotype 2otherhttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/62828/1/ntu-94-R91424015-1.pdf