Bagal-Kestwal D.RPan M.HBEEN-HUANG CHIANGMIN-HSIUNG PAN2021-07-262021-07-262019https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101696879&doi=10.1002%2f9781119301714.ch2&partnerID=40&md5=6debc6b35a7513c3299483b296084e6dhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/572877Nanobiocomposites (NBC) have formed a new research field with an excellent and innovative future. NBCs are a combination of composite materials with multiphase solid materials in which one of the phases has one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional nanoscale structure, and biological materials with nanoscale value-added structures. This chapter discusses the commonly used physical and chemical processes for preparation of NBC matrices and reinforcement/filler materials. The processing methods for matrix and filler are sometimes the same, but some matrices are prepared using combinations of one or multi-techniques to achieve the desire quality of NBC. The chapter also discusses the processing methods for NBCs with suitable examples. Matrix-based NBCs can be categorized into biodegradable organic NBCs and non-biodegradable inorganic NBCs. Modern bioelectronic nanocomposite-based devices such as nano- and microbiosensor systems, biofuel elements, and biobatteries can be used to improve human lifestyles. ? 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.[SDGs]SDG7book part10.1002/9781119301714.ch22-s2.0-85101696879