W. H. Hou, S. H. Chen and X. C. YuS. H. Chen and X. C. YuW. H. HouSHIH-HSUN CHEN2020-09-102020-09-1020191383-574213835742https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/513986https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029789533&doi=10.1016%2fj.mrrev.2017.09.004&partnerID=40&md5=a12834b74bf96f6384d4bd8640bd6774Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (aka PARylation) is a unique protein post-translational modification (PTM) first described over 50 years ago. PARylation regulates a number of biological processes including chromatin remodeling, the DNA damage response (DDR), transcription, apoptosis, and mitosis. The subsequent discovery of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) catalyzing DNA-dependent PARylation spearheaded the field of DDR. The expanding knowledge about the poly ADP-ribose (PAR) recognition domains prompted the discovery of novel DDR factors and revealed crosstalk with other protein PTMs including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, methylation and acetylation. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge on PAR-regulated DDR, PAR recognition domain, and PARP inhibition in cancer therapy. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.BRCT domain; De-PARylation; DNA damage response; PAR recognition domain; PARP inhibitor; PARP inhibitor resistance; PARylation; Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation; Poly(ADP-ribosyl)lation polymerase[SDGs]SDG3DNA; poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose); poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) binding zinc finger protein; unclassified drug; zinc finger protein; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase inhibitor; poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose); cancer therapy; DNA damage response; metabolism; poly(adenosine diphosphate) ribosylation; priority journal; protein domain; protein structure; Review; RNA recognition motif; animal; DNA damage; DNA repair; drug effect; genetics; human; neoplasm; poly(adenosine diphosphate) ribosylation; Animals; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Humans; Neoplasms; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; Poly ADP Ribosylation; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerasesreview10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.09.004313953522-s2.0-85029789533