KUO-CHIN HUANGYang C.-C.Hsu S.-P.Lee K.-T.Liu H.-W.Morisawa S.Otsubo K.Chien C.-T.2021-01-142021-01-1420060085-2538https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33746132354&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ki.5001576&partnerID=40&md5=0b99f8916ecf9a4f969f35273c054d12https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/540744Chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients increase erythrocyte susceptibility to hemolysis and impair cell survival. We explored whether electrolyte-reduced water (ERW) could palliate HD-evoked erythrocyte impairment and anemia. Forty-three patients undergoing chronic HD were enrolled and received ERW administration for 6 month. We evaluated oxidative stress in blood and plasma, erythrocyte methemoglobin (metHb)/ferricyanide reductase activity, plasma metHb, and proinflammatory cytokines in the chronic HD patients without treatment (n = 15) or with vitamin C (VC)- (n = 15), vitamin E (VE)-coated dialyzer (n = 15), or ERW treatment (n = 15) during an HD course. The patients showed marked increases (15-fold) in blood reactive oxygen species, mostly H2O 2, after HD without any treatment. HD resulted in decreased plasma VC, total antioxidant status, and erythrocyte metHb/ferricyanide reductase activity and increased erythrocyte levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) and plasma metHb. Antioxidants treatment significantly palliated single HD course-induced oxidative stress, plasma and RBC PCOOH, and plasma metHb levels, and preserved erythrocyte metHb /ferricyanide reductase activity in an order VC> ERW> VE-coated dialyzer. However, ERW had no side effects of oxalate accumulation easily induced by VC. Six-month ERW treatment increased hematocrit and attenuated proinflammatory cytokines profile in the HD patients. In conclusion, ERW treatment administration is effective in palliating HD-evoked oxidative stress, as indicated by lipid peroxidation, hemolysis, and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in HD patients. ? 2006 International Society of Nephrology.Electrolyzed-reduced water; Hemodialysis; Hemolysis; Oxidative stress[SDGs]SDG3alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; cytochrome b5 reductase; cytokine; erythropoietin; methemoglobin; oxalic acid; reactive oxygen metabolite; adult; aged; antioxidant activity; article; chronic kidney failure; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; electrolysis; enzyme activity; erythrocyte; evaluation; female; gene overexpression; hematocrit; hemodialysis; hemolysis; human; lipid peroxidation; major clinical study; male; oxidative stress; plasma; priority journal; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Markers; Cell Survival; Electrolysis; Erythrocytes; Female; Hematocrit; Hemodialysis Solutions; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Membranes, Artificial; Methemoglobin; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Renal Dialysis; Vitamin E; Waterjournal article10.1038/sj.ki.5001576167609032-s2.0-33746132354