Liu, Hwa-ChangHwa-ChangLiuLiu, Tzu-Shang ThomasTzu-Shang ThomasLiuLiu, Yen-LiangYen-LiangLiuJYH-HORNG WANGChang, Chih-HungChih-HungChangTIFFANY TING-FANG SHIHFENG-HUEI LIN2021-08-102021-08-102021-06-252218-273Xhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/577424We demonstrated the safety and efficacy of autologous chondrocyte precursor (CP) cell therapy in repairing Grade 4 cartilage defects of medial femoral condyles. The autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of each participant were isolated, amplified, and then differentiated into CPs in atelocollagen. Neotissues made of CPs were implanted into cartilage defects with an average cell density of 4.9 ± 2.1 × 106 cells/cm2 through arthrotomy. The knee function was evaluated with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form. Patients' knee functions significantly improved by the 28th week (IKDC score = 68.3 ± 12.1), relative to the initial functionality before the CP therapy (IKDC score = 46.1 ± 16.4, p-value = 0.0014). Nine of these twelve patients maintained good knee functions for 9 years post-implantation (IKDC score = 69.8 ± 12.3) at levels higher than the pre-implantation values (p-value = 0.0018). Patients were evaluated with MRI and arthroscopy, and the defective sites exhibited a smooth surface without a gap between the implant and host tissue. This study demonstrates that autologous CPs successfully engraft into the host tissue and result in the re-formation of hyaline-like cartilage, thereby improving the impaired knee functions. Most importantly, no adverse event was reported during this long-term follow-up period.encartilage regeneration; chondrocyte precursor; mesenchymal stem cell; osteoarthritis; osteonecrosis[SDGs]SDG3ACAN protein; ascorbic acid 2 phosphate; atelocollagen; COL10A1 protein; COL1A1 protein; COL2A1 protein; collagen type 1; collagen type 2; collagenase 3; dexamethasone; Gag Onc protein; messenger RNA; stromelysin; Thy 1 membrane glycoprotein; transcription factor RUNX2; transcription factor Sox9; unclassified drug; atelocollagen; collagen; adult; aged; arthroscopy; arthrotomy; Article; autologous chondrocyte precursor cell; bone necrosis; cartilage defect; cartilage repair assessment; cartilage tumor; cell density; chondrocyte; chondrogenic differentiation; clinical article; controlled study; disease severity; drug efficacy; drug safety; female; femoral condyle; femoral tibial angle; functional magnetic resonance imaging; gene expression; good tissue practice; human; human cell; human tissue; hypertrophy; immunohistochemistry; International Knee Documentation Committee; knee function; knee lesion; male; mesenchymal stem cell; middle aged; osteoarthritis; protein expression; radiography; real time polymerase chain reaction; subchondral bone; tissue repair; total knee arthroplasty; transcriptomics; very elderly; weight bearing; X ray analysis; articular cartilage; chondrocyte; clinical trial; diagnostic imaging; drug effect; femur; follow up; knee; physiology; surgery; time factor; transplantation; treatment outcome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrocytes; Collagen; Female; Femur; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Treatment Outcomejournal article10.3390/biom11070942342020022-s2.0-85108420935https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/571053