侯文祥臺灣大學:生物環境系統工程學研究所賴岱巖Lai, Tai-YenTai-YenLai2007-11-272018-06-292007-11-272018-06-292004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/55985改良溫室構造物外殼設計,不使用附屬降溫或加溫設備,使溫室室內環境可以合乎台灣地區生物生長氣候,且兼顧經濟性為本研究目標。從雙層溫室設計建造與環境實驗兩方面探討台灣地區溫室的合理設計與應用。設施建造方面,採用鍍鋅鋼圓管隧道式構造搭配20cm空氣層、寬30cm氣流口、雙層50%及80%黑網及0.1mmPE膜布,組合成雙層PE膜隧道式溫室。以電腦軟體進行安全性分析,可以承受5級地震及12級強風。其主骨架單位體積用鋼量為4.02kg/m3、單位體積成本為188.7元/ m3。環境實驗方面,以實體雙層PE膜溫室分別在中海拔地區及平地地區進行四季環境計測實驗,探討夏季日間降溫能力、冬季夜間保溫能力及其他季節設施狀態。夏季實驗結果顯示空氣層20cm、雙層80%黑網遮蔽、氣流口開啟下,室溫可低於外氣溫4.3℃,熱阻能力11%;冬季保溫結果顯示,在空氣層封閉狀態下,日間可達25~35℃,夜間室溫均維持比外氣溫高1℃~3℃,且室內維持穩定氣候狀態。空氣層模擬實驗,以15cm空氣層厚度搭配可開閉氣流口設計可以達到夏季日間降溫,冬季夜間保溫目的環境需求。This study is to make the inner environment of greenhouse suitable for plant growing under Taiwan’s climate by designing non-electric driven modules for greenhouse. Two parts, establishment of double-layer greenhouse as well as environmental experiments, are designed or undertaken analyzed as regard to a reasonable design and application of greenhouse. As to the material and structure, a tunneled style of greenhouse is created by using zinc-covered steel round pipe as the framework. Other designs include a 20cm air layer, a 30cm wind gap, a double-layer of black nets with 50% and 20% transparency, and a 0.1mm PE rubber covered in the surface. The safety analysis reveals a capacity of the greenhouse to stand for V-magnitude earthquakes and XII-magnitude hurricanes. The average consumption of steel as the framework is 4.02kg/m3, and the average cost is NT188.7/m3. As to the environment, the study discusses the temperature reduction ability in summer daytime, the heat preservation capacity in winter nights and the facility conditions under other seasons by designing experiments in the new built greenhouses in middle and low latitude area in different seasons. Results in summer experiments show that the inner temperature can be 4.3℃ lower than outside, and the heat prevention rate is 11% while the air layer is 20cm with black net of 20% transparency and the air gap is opened. Results in winter experiment conclude that the inner climate can remain stable when air gap is closed. The temperature in the daytime is 25 to 35 ℃, and it can be 1 to 3℃ higher than outside at winter nights. The simulation analysis of the air layer results that our goals can be satisfied by applying a 15cm air layer and an adjustable air gap. This design just occupied 12% of the greenhouse area and is thus space-efficient.中文摘要 Ⅰ Abstract Ⅱ 目錄 Ⅲ 表目錄 Ⅵ 圖目錄 Ⅷ 第一章 前言 1 1.1研究動機 1 1.2研究目的 3 1.3研究流程 4 第二章 文獻回顧 6 2.1生物需求與設施構成之環境關係 6 2.1.1溫度環境 6 2.1.2溼度環境 11 2.1.3光環境 12 2.2隧道式溫室構築 16 2.2.1被覆材料使用現況 16 2.2.2 PVC與PE被覆溫室環境特性 19 2.3隧道式溫室環境調節能力理論 20 2.3.1光熱環境 20 2.3.2溼空氣熱焓理論 23 2.3.3空氣層熱阻能力 25 第三章 材料與方法 31 3.1雙層PE膜空氣層溫室設計與建造 31 3.1.1區位別溫室型式 31 3.1.2溫室結構設計與建造 32 3.2實驗儀器 38 3.3野外實驗屋環境設計實驗 41 3.3.1操作參數組合與實驗屋計測流程 41 3.3.2測點佈置法與計測實驗 43 3.4空氣層設計之熱阻能力模型實驗 46 3.4.1模擬實驗屋之空氣層設計參數組合與設計流程 46 3.4.2空氣層厚度及通風實驗 50 3.5資料分析 51 3.5.1溫度差計算方法 51 3.5.2熱收支計算方法 52 第四章 結果與討論 53 4.1 PE膜隧道式溫室用材經濟性 53 4.2試驗模組熱環境狀況 55 4.2.1夏季日間 55 4.2.2冬季夜間 63 4.2.3其他季節溫室狀況 67 4.3光環境透入能力 69 4.3.1夏季日間 69 4.3.2冬季日間 70 4.3.3其他季節日間 72 4.4空氣層設計之熱阻能力 73 4.5節能效率 77 第五章 結論與建議 79 5.1結構低造價設計 79 5.2環境設計 79 5.3空氣層設計 80 5.4適用之對象生物 81 5.5建議 83 參考文獻 85 附錄 附錄A 環境操作模組計測結果一例 90 附錄B輸入CR-10X之各儀器程式碼 91705914 bytesapplication/pdfen-US雙層PE膜空氣層隔熱保溫溫室Heat preservationGreenhouseAir gapDouble PE filmsHeat prevention[SDGs]SDG13台灣地區隧道式雙層塑膠膜溫室設計與環境調節能力研究Design and Environmental Adjustment of Tunnel Type Greenhouse with Double PE Covers in Taiwanthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/55985/1/ntu-93-R91622014-1.pdf