SUNG-TSANG HSIEH2024-12-302024-12-302023-10https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/724432Tumor-like or mass lesions on brain images are one the most challenging diagnostic tasks in clinical management for neurologists. With imaging characteristics of contrast enhancement with cystic lesions, malignant glioma or infection is on the top of the diagnostic list according to neurology and radiology textbook dogma. How often does a non-neoplastic lesion become the final diagnosis? Are there any characteristics to differentiate a non-neoplastic lesion from a neoplastic one? Can any specific approach help to facilitate a correct diagnosis? These questions often emerge in daily practice. In this issue of Neurology® Clinical Practice, Perez Giraldo et al.1 summarize 10 patients with tumor-like lesions on brain images with ultimate diagnoses of demyelinating disease, inflammation (autoimmune encephalitis, granulomatous disease, vasculitis, plasma cell disorder), and infections after extensive workup. This study demonstrates and highlights the importance of integrating brain biopsy and pathologic examination to reach a correct diagnosis leading to appropriate treatment.en[SDGs]SDG3editorial10.1212/CPJ.000000000020018337664133