2013-01-012024-05-13https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/650091摘要：全球氣候溫暖化的趨勢，使得台灣遭受嚴重的蚊蟲孳擾與蚊媒傳染病威脅。長期密集使用化學藥劑來毒殺蚊蟲已經使得蚊蟲產生嚴重的抗藥性。本研究主要利用台灣本土的橈足類劍水蚤來進行蚊幼蟲防治，以發展一個兼具簡單、作用專一性高、蚊蟲不會產生抗藥性、可節省噴藥費用和大量人力等優點的新型式生物性誘卵滅幼方法，以達到病媒蚊族群控制的終極目標。本研究規劃為三年期，第一年成果已確認南台灣嘉南高高屏地區有高捕食性橈足類劍水蚤，並且利用鏡檢和分子生物學方法確認無攜帶具病原性寄生蟲，這些劍水蚤對現行殺蟲藥劑的感受性低，已於實驗室和野外建立穩定的劍水蚤培養系統和種源庫資料。第二年利用豐富的劍水蚤採樣資料庫，確認台灣新紀錄之劍水蚤基礎生物學資料，選擇高雄和台南積水之地下室和水溝進行以劍水蚤防除登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲的先驅計畫，過程中記錄大環境氣候因子和水環境物理因子，並評估劍水蚤施放的方法和評估其適存能力，以及蚊蟲幼蟲數量之動態變化，進而評估橈足類劍水蚤於地下室積水和孳生孑孓的陽性水溝環境中實地應用的成效。第三年將於高雄和台南持續監測已完成施放劍水蚤的29個樣區以健全未來之實務應用，同時持續開展台南完成未施放的地下室積水樣區和乾淨水溝。透過空間地理資訊系統之方法，整理分析地下室積水樣區和陽性水溝之分布地點、病媒蚊聚集區與本土登革陽性個案或群聚資料的關聯性，以評估應用劍水蚤於地下室積水和水溝環境的效益。於實驗室評估劍水蚤結合植物精油對蚊幼蟲活動力弱化和捕食率的影響，進而開發一個新型的生物性蚊蟲誘卵滅幼器系統。本研究內容包含基礎生物學特性、研究室驗設計分析和實務應用的可行性評估，這種生態友善的生物防制方法，長期施行不僅能達成病媒管制的目的，降低疾病傳播的風險，還能兼顧生物多樣性而達到環境永續的精神。<br> Abstract: The concern on the emergence of various arthropod-borne pathogens in Taiwan increased over the past few years due to the trend of global warming. The current vector control strategy relies on the use of chemical pesticides, which are highly likely to induce resistance among the vector populations. The goal of the proposed research is to evaluate the potential of utilizing the indigenous freshwater copepods in Taiwan for the vector control through the predation of the larvae population. The significance of the proposed research is expected to develop the biological control strategies with lower cost, better specificity and negligible possibility of resistance. In the first year of the proposed three-year research, the laboratory colonies of highly predatory copepods have been established and screened for the presence of pathogenic parasites with microscopic examination and molecular detection. Current evidence further suggests the limited sensitivity to various pesticides among the copepod species. Based on the success in the establishment of the laboratory colonies of Mesocyclops pehpeiensis, M. aspericornis, M. woutersi, and M. ogunnus in (200 ml) artificial containers in Kaohsiung and Tainan, we applied these copepods in water holding basements and/or gutters for dengue larvae control. Protocols of the pioneer project for reducing dengue vector larvae involved plan description, communication and coordination. This study had completed the massive cultivation of Mesocyclops in local areas and monitored water quality at the same time. After three release of Mesocyclops within six months (April to October) in 29 larvae infestation sites, our preliminary results showed that the larvae positive rates had decreased from 55.2% (by the end of March) to 10.3% (in Oct.) (Mcnemar test: p<0.05; p=0.0008). In addition, the released Mesocyclops was also found to survive through the study in one of the gutters. Further evaluation of the application method revealed that sprayers with 3mm diameter successfully ejected copepods in a density of 41.2% to 73.4% to the original stock. However, the survival rate was rather low, approximately 23.6 to 30.0%, probably due to damage caused by pressure. On the other hand, data of water quality was still insufficient, and further investigation will provide a better picture of environmental impacts. In the third year, releasing and surveillance will be followed in water holding basements and/or gutters in Kaohsiung and Tainan. Relationship among water holding basements and/or gutters, vectors, and human case will be analyzed. In addition, a novel system which was combined with Mesocyclops and essential oilswill be developed and evaluated. Additionally, the outcomes of such research can also be used as ideal materials for the biology and life science education for the public health intervention of mosquito-borne diseases. In summary, the proposed research consists of the basic biological characterization of Cyclopid Copepods, the experimental design to test the existing hypothesis, the evaluation of the potential vector control strategies. Such control strategies can further improve the sustainability and maintain the bio-diversity whilst pursuing the goal of disease control.橈足類劍水蚤植物精油登革熱病媒蚊CyclopidCopepodsplant essential oilDengue fevervector