蔣本基臺灣大學：環境工程學研究所葉曉芸Yeh, Hsiao-YunHsiao-YunYeh2007-11-292018-06-282007-11-292018-06-282004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/62747The objectives of this study were intended to evaluate the effects of model compounds on coagulation performance and DBP formation, understand the effects of humic acids and divalent cation (Ca2+) on the removal of low-molecular-weight model compounds, i.e., phloroglucinol, resorcinol, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, determine the mechanisms associated with model compounds in the coagulation process, assess the chlorine decay rate during chlorination, and formulate the predictive HAA and THM formation model. The results of this investigation revealed that coagulation with 40 mg/L alum at pH 5 was effective for reduction of humic and tannic acids. On the other hand, low-molecular weight organics, i.e., phloroglucinol, resorcinol, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, were unfavorable to coagulation. For mono-compounds, the DOC removal model could express the DOC adsorption onto metal hydroxide flocs and resulted in providing an accurate prediction of DOC removal during the coagulation process. For the bi-compounds of humic acid and phloroglucinol (or p-hydroxybenzoic acid), with the ratio 4:3 of humic acid to low-MW model compounds and the addition of 80 mg/L Ca2+, the DBP were efficiently reduced. It was also observed that Ca2+ was not actively reacting with model compounds and resulted in providing poor performance. For the bi-compounds of humic acid and resorcinol, the different treatments, i.e., various ratios of humic acid to resorcinol exhibited no significant influence on coagulation improvement and DBP reduction. The developed model - DBP = γ*Co {1 - ƒ*e-krt - (1 - ƒ)*e-kst} – was successful in predicting the level of DBP formation in the presence of the bi-compounds of humic acid and phloroglucinol (or p-hydroxybenzoic acid). The chlorine consumption could be adopted as an indicator because it was highly correlated with DBP formation.Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 Background 1-1 1-2 Objectives 1-3 1-3 Major Task Focus 1-3 Chapter 2 Literature Review 2-1 Disinfection By-Products of Chlorination and Organic Precursors 2-1 2-1-1 Disinfection By-Products 2-1 2-1-2 Organic Precursors 2-4 2-2 Coagulation 2-16 2-2-1 Coagulation Mechanisms 2-16 2-2-2 Enhanced Coagulation 2-19 2-2-3 Other Factors Influencing the Performance of Coagulation 2-21 2-3 Predictive Model of DBP formation 2-23 Chapter 3 Materials and Methods 3-1 Research flowchart 3-1 3-2 Materials 3-2 3-2-1 Apparatus 3-2 3-2-2 Chemicals 3-6 3-3 Methods 3-8 3-3-1 Experimental Design 3-8 3-3-2 Coagulation and Flocculation Process 3-12 3-3-3 Jar tests to find parameter values of DOC removal model 3-12 3-3-4 TOC 3-13 3-3-5 Turbidity 3-15 3-3-6 UV254 3-16 3-3-7 Alkalinity 3-16 3-3-8 Consumption Chlorine 3-18 3-3-9 THM 3-19 3-3-10 HAA 3-20 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 4-1 Performance of Coagulation by Fixed Coagulant and pH 4-1 4-1-1 Jar Tests with Mono-Compounds as Organic Precursors 4-3 4-1-2 Effects of Humic Acid on the Removal of low-MW Organic Precursors 4-7 4-1-3 Effects of Divalent Cation (Ca2+) on the Removal of Organic Precursors 4-12 4-1-4 Brief Conclusions 4-19 4-2 Chlorination and DBP Formation 4-20 4-2-1 Chlorination and THM formation of Mono-Compounds 4-20 4-2-2 Effects of Humic Acid on the Removal of low-MW Organic Precursors 4-27 4-2-3 Effects of Divalent Cation (Ca2+) on the Removal of Organic Precursors 4-33 4-2-4 Brief Conclusions 4-40 4-3 Modeling DOC Removal during Coagulation 4-41 4-3-1 Model Development for Mono-compounds 4-41 4-3-2 Model Development for Bi-compounds 4-47 4-4 Chlorine Decay Kinetics and Predictive Model of DBP Formation 4-51 4-4-1 Chlorine Decay Kinetics 4-51 4-4-2 DBP Formation Kinetics and Predictive Model 4-56 4-4-3 Brief Conclusions 4-63 4-5 Experimental Data Analysis 4-64 4-5-1 Pearson Correlation Matrix 4-64 4-5-2 Linear Relationships between Parameters 4-69 4-5-3 Brief Conclusions 4-83 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 5-1 Conclusions 5-1 5-2 Recommendations 5-3 Reference Appendix1466040 bytesapplication/pdfen-US混凝消毒副產物coagulationchlorinationDBPthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/62747/1/ntu-93-R91541210-1.pdf