陶儀芬Tao, Yi-Feng臺灣大學:政治學研究所黃國鈞Huang, Kuo-ChunKuo-ChunHuang2010-05-052018-06-282010-05-052018-06-282008U0001-2601200818150600http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/179174摘要共自八零年代開始進行分權式的經濟改革,使省級政府成為發展地方經濟的要角,同時也出現高漲的經濟地方主義。在這樣的背景之下,本文以中共的政權結構作為分析起點,試圖釐清在「極權政體」(totalitarian regime)轉型的脈絡下,中央透過人事任免權力(nomenklatura system)的行使,對地方主義興起的主要制度創新之回應。本文以正式制度與派系因素作為兩個主要的解釋變項,具體的以省級幹部制度的發展與「上海幫」派系的興衰為研究對象,一方面梳理、檢証中央行使省級人事任免權力時,所衍生的制度化規範;同時,觀察派系因素在此過程中的影響。 文認為中央透過行使省級人事權回應地方主義的結果,呈現出一組複雜的圖像:首先,省級幹部制度的發展反應了中央對地方主義的控制,而中央賦予省長較特殊的地位,並有規律的甄補省級領導人,則反應對地方主義的妥協,顯示中央與地方關係趨向動態平衡。其次,「上海幫」的案例顯示,中央制度化約束與甄補省級領導人的過程一方面對派系產生明顯的約束,另一方面卻出現派系領導人藉此擴大派系權力的非意圖性結果(unintended consequence)。不過整體而言,中共政治似乎出現「派系輪替」(faction alternation)的現象,使中共的派系菁英相對平和的交替執政。Abstract Since early 1980''s, the Chinese government started the economic reformy decentralizing its administrative decision power. As a result, the provincial government became the main promoter to develop local economy, and it caused rampant localism simultaneously. In such background, this article takes a structural perspective, the transition of totalitarian regime, and tries to clarify how the central, including the party and state, utilized the totalitarian legacy, personnel appointment power (nomenklatura system) and its institutional innovation, to curb localism in the transitional progress. his article assumes that institutional and factional factors are the two main independent variables to explain how the central utilized the personnel power to respond to localism. Specifically, We observe provincial cadre management institutions and the ‘‘Shanghai Gang’’ faction as research objects for clarifying the central’s institutional innovation to control localism and the role of faction in this process.ur research argues that the manipulation of personnel appointment powery the central has demonstrated a complicated picture. First of all, the central-local relation tends to reach a dynamic equilibrium. The central’s control of localism has been reflected by the development of provincial cadre management institutions, however the central’s compromise to localism, such as the provincial governor’s localization and regular promotion of provincial leaders, has also been shown by empirical evidences. Secondly, the case study of the ‘‘Shanghai Gang’’ faction indicates that the central’s institutionalized control and promotion has resulted an obvious limit to factions on the one hand, but on the other hand, the central faction’s leader had also promoted his clients through this process as an unintended consequence. However, the whole picture shows that ‘‘faction alternation’’ seems to exist in Chinese elite politics, and it brought a relative peaceful power rotation between factions.目錄謝 i要 iiibstract iv一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 文獻回顧 6 第三節 研究架構 17 第四節 研究途徑與方法 19 第五節 章節安排 22二章 九零年代後中央對省級幹部的制度化約束 24 第一節 中共中央行使省級領導人事權的基礎與程序24 第二節 九零年代後省級幹部制度的制度化發展 28 第三節 小結 44三章 省級幹部制度的實證資料分析 47 第一節 資料來源與運用 48 第二節 省級幹部制度作為政改的延續:檢証省級幹部 的年齡、任期與晉升資歷制度 49 第三節 省級幹部制度作為對地方主義的回應:檢証省 級幹部的迴避與交流制度 61 第四節 小結 73四章 派系因素對中央制度化約束省級幹部的影響— 以「上海幫」的人事變遷為例 77 第一節 界定省級幹部中的「上海幫」成員 78 第二節 派系因素對中央行使制度化約束的影響— 以「上海幫」成員為例 85 第三節 小結 93五章 「派系輪替」對中央甄補省級幹部的影響— 以「上海幫」的仕途興衰為例 94 第一節 作為分析概念的「派系輪替」 94 第二節 中央層級的「派系輪替」—以「上海幫」 的仕途興衰為例 97 第三節 省級領導人事組成中的「派系輪替」現象 115 第四節 小結 120六章 結論與展望 123 第一節 研究發現 123 第二節 對未來研究的建議 128application/pdf761927 bytesapplication/pdfen-US中央人事任免權幹部制度政治制度化派系輪替上海幫中央與地方關係personnel appointment power (nomenklatura system)cadre management institutionspolitical institutionalizationfaction alternationShanghai Gangcentral-local relation正式政治VS.非正式政治:制度化與派系因素解讀中共省級人事權力的行使Formal politics VS. Informal Politics:he Impact of Institutional and Factional Factors on Chinese Personnel Appointment at Provincial Levelthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/179174/1/ntu-97-R93322018-1.pdf