Kishikawa, HHKishikawaJUI-SHENG SUNChoi, AAChoiSHI-CHUEN MIAWHo, I CI CHo2019-08-062019-08-062001-10-150022-1767https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035887640&doi=10.4049%2fjimmunol.167.8.4414&partnerID=40&md5=33ecba5bfbfb647139e7ddbb5b2cf621https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/416257IL-13, a Th2 cell-specific cytokine, is a major effector molecule mediating several pathological features of allergic asthma. However, the transcriptional regulation of the IL-13 gene remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, by using intracellular cytokine staining, that IL-13 is not always coexpressed with other Th2 cytokines in normal Th cells on a single cell basis. In addition, we identified and cloned a minimal inducible and cell type-specific promoter of the murine IL-13 gene. The cell type specificity of the minimal IL-13 promoter is mediated by a functionally critical GATA-3 site that binds endogenous GATA-3 proteins, whereas the induction by PMA/ionomycin is mediated by distinct cis-acting elements. Furthermore, by expressing GATA-3 in wild-type and c-maf transgenic Th1 cells, we demonstrate that the expression of IL-13 is regulated by a mechanism distinct from that regulating the expression of IL-4, and that the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes does not have to be mutually exclusive in effector Th cells.enjournal article10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4414115917662-s2.0-0035887640https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/0035887640