2023-03-202024-05-13https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/653007Covid-19蔓延了超過兩年對世界帶來翻轉性的改變，世界各國亦從疫情的各種因防疫而封鎖的相關措施中逐漸轉變成與病毒共存的後疫情新常態；此種生活的改變亦對勞動市場帶來了供給面與需求面的衝擊。本計畫將著重於探討與估計 (1) 疫情對婦女勞動參與的影響：將會估計學校關閉讓學齡孩童的照顧功能回歸到家庭，因此使家庭家務分工與勞動供給所產生的替代效果；(2) 疫情對弱勢勞工造成的影響：本子題從一個非前設性的角度，透過檢視比較傳統勞動弱勢，如新進、低薪、不穩定工作勞動者等與一般勞動族群受疫情影響的短期及長期效果之差異，以辨認定義疫情之勞動弱勢。其中，我們將特別針對不同教育程度之年輕、新進勞工，在疫情前後的勞動參與狀況及相關應對決策，進而定義出疫情下相對弱勢的族群。由於勞工是否為疫情之勞動弱勢，不僅在於其是否在疫情當下受到影響，更在於該勞工是否針對疫情所衍生的勞動市場變化具有調適能力，及該調適策略的長期展望；因此，疫情之勞動弱勢不必然為傳統勞動弱勢。本研究中將使用雙重差分、三重差分之研究方法來估計疫情對不同特性的勞工所造成的影響。本計畫將使用勞動部、內政部、與大考中心的資料等行政資料庫，也會結合勞工生活及就業狀況調查、(MOL-Q-15) 15-29歲青年勞工就業狀況調查、天下雜誌台灣2000大企業等調查資料。本計畫之研究成果預期可對現有的勞動政策提出建言，以供未來因應後疫情時代之政策制定與現有政策調整參考。 In the past two years and a half, the world has witnessed devastating impacts of Covid-19 on both the supply and the demand sides of the labor market. As most countries steer away from aggravated policies based on lockdown, strategies have been adopted to coexist with the virus, offering an opportunity to develop new labor market perspectives. The purpose of this proposed project is two-fold. The first objective aims at exploring and estimating the impacts of the pandemic on the labor market outcomes for women. For female workers, we will focus on investigating how women responded to the increased demand for family care after schools were closed and daycare services were interrupted. The second objective focuses on pandemic-specific vulnerable workers from a non-presumptive view; in particular, we will examine the immediate and long-term vulnerabilities of the new labor market entrants, unstable workers and the low earners in Taiwan in comparison to general. For pandemic-specific worker vulnerability, our investigation will start with an evaluation of the pandemic’s impacts on various demographic groups, with an emphasis on the younger generation and the new labor market entrants with or without college education. We will compare the patterns of labor participation among groups before and after the COVID pandemic to identify the relatively vulnerable types of workers under the pandemic. We argue that the pandemic-vulnerable are not necessarily identical to the vulnerable groups of workers in the traditional sense, and as a starting point we shall examine the latter groups with respect to their pandemic-specific vulnerabilities, including the immediate impacts and the ability to adapt. The primary empirical strategies to be employed in this project will be the difference-in-differences (or more delicately the difference-in-differences-in-differences) method, which has been widely utilized for evaluating public policies and labor market interventions. Multiple administrative data and survey data are warranted for the implementation of this proposed project. Our findings are expected to shed light on the dynamics of the labor markets during the pandemic and provide valuable public policy implications for the post-pandemic era.新冠肺炎;婦女就業;弱勢勞工;後疫情政策;Covid-19;female workers;vulnerable workers;post-pandemic policy