李允中臺灣大學：生物產業機電工程學研究所曾健銘Tseng, Chien-mingChien-mingTseng2007-11-262018-07-102007-11-262018-07-102004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/52918市售3-5公斤包裝重的小包裝米包裝作業必須講求精確與快速。因此控制器的取樣與反應速率在重量控制上佔了相當重要的角色。數位訊號處理(DSP)為目前常用的多樣控制系統中的一種技術。本研究中使用荷重元作為秤重的重量感應元件，訊號經擷取、轉換後傳送至DSP中，以DSP作為控制器，控制閥門開關以得到正確的白米包裝量。實驗數據顯示本研究秤重所使用荷重元在10公斤以下可以維持很好的線性。使用本系統於5公斤白米包裝的計重，重量誤差可以小於0.9%，低於市面白米包裝機1.5%的容許誤差。由於平均一次計量秤重所需時間為2.1秒，預期可以設計使用於包裝速度為每分鐘25包以上計量與封口包裝機械。Weighers for small package rice e.g. 3 to 5kg bags are required to be accurate and quick in action. Therefore the sampling and responding rate of the controller plays an important role in the weigher. Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is state of the art to be applied in various control systems. The weigher designed in this study, load cells were uses as weight sensors, signals were transuded and converted and then input into DSP. DSP were served as a controller, to control the valve opening of the storage tank and weight correct amount of rice output into weighing tank in each packing operation. By analyzing the data, the load cells used in the weigher worked linearly within 10kg. For a 5 kg bag rice packing, the measuring error could be within 0.9 % which is acceptable in commercial operations that a 1.5% error being tolerable. The average time spanned in each measuring process was 2.1 seconds; a packing rate for higher than 25 bags/min thus could be expected for a complete weight and seal packaging process.目 錄 致　　謝..............................i 中文摘要............................. ii 英文摘要............................. iii 目錄 ................................ iv 圖目錄 ............................... viii 表目錄 ............................... xi 一、 研究目的 ..................... 1 二、 文獻探討 ...................... 2 2-1稻米包裝機械 ........................ 2 2-2進料系統............................. 3 2-2-1閥門進料............................4 2.2.2螺旋進料........................... 4 2.2.3振動進料............................4 2.3荷重元................................5 2.3.1應變規之靜態力學模式................6 2.3.2應變規之動態力學模式................8 2.4數位信號處理器........................9 2.4.1數位信號處理優點....................9 2.4.2類比信號與數位信號..................10 2.4.3傅立葉轉換..........................11 2.4.4濾波................................12 三、 實驗設備與方法..................13 3.1實驗材料..............................13 3.2實驗設備..............................13 3.2.1進料機構............................16 3.2.2秤重機構............................19 3.2.3控制機構............................22 3.2.3.1微控制器......................... 23 3.2.3.2記憶體............................24 3.2.3.3類比數位轉換..................... 26 3.2.3.4擴充..............................27 3.2.4偵錯器............................. 27 3.2.5軟體................................28 3.3實驗方法..............................30 3.3.1靜置實驗............................30 3.3.2現場實驗............................30 3.3.2.1校正..............................30 3.3.2.2落料衝擊實驗......................31 3.3.2.3目標重量秤量實驗..................31 3.3.2.4落料差實驗........................32 四、 實驗結果與討論..................33 4.1靜置實驗..............................33 4.2校正..................................37 4.3落料衝擊實驗..........................38 4.4目標重量秤量實驗......................40 4.5落料差實驗............................44 4.6討論..................................48 4.6.1濾波之影響..........................49 4.6.2落料差之影響........................49 4.6.3平均筆數之影響..................... 50 五、結論.................................55 六、建議.................................56 參考文獻.................................57 附錄A....................................59 附錄B....................................68en-US數位控制秤量數位訊號處理器WeighterDigital ControlDigital Signal Processor (DSP)thesis