CHIH-I WUC.-T. LinY.-H. ChenM.-H. ChenY.-J. LuCHUNG-CHIH WU2018-09-102018-09-102006-0400036951http://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/325560https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646132027&doi=10.1063%2f1.2192982&partnerID=40&md5=4d2f53170219c1fe609f1dbc501271e4In this letter, we investigate electronic structures and electron-injection mechanisms of the effective cathode structures for organic light-emitting devices incorporating cesium carbonate (Cs2 C O3), either deposited as an individual thin injection layer or doped into the organic electron-transport layers. The electronic structures and the interface chemistry studied by ultraviolet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy show that the enhanced electron injection is associated with strong n -doping effects and increase of electron concentrations in the electron-transport layer induced by Cs2 C O3. Since such a reaction occurs without the presence of metals, cathode structures incorporating Cs2 C O3 may be applied to a wide range of electrode materials. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.Carbonates; Cathodes; Cesium alloys; Light emitting diodes; Semiconductor doping; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Cathode structures; Cesium-carbonate-incorporated cathode; Electron injection; Electronic structurejournal article10.1063/1.21929822-s2.0-33646132027WOS:000236796400035