2020-02-012024-05-13https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/652630摘要：我們現在正面臨嚴峻的挑戰，在全球促進社會及科技發展的同時，需減輕對環境的負面影響。儘管對人類引起的氣候變化感到擔憂，但社會仍然不願意放棄化石燃料和資源密集技術。隨著國家的不斷發展，全球對於能源、交通運輸和消費性電子產品的需求將進一步增加。 此研究透過利用太陽能光伏(PV)的來源，為電網提供潔淨電力並直接為個人的電子設備供電。這項工作開發了電力電子技術和控制方法，以有效地將光伏發電用於一系列移動電子應用上。兩個主要的應用為並網光伏系統和可穿戴電子設備。在現今市場上，面板價格不斷下降，而光伏效率卻不斷提高。這些應用有益於集成PV電池，該電池可以從周圍的光源提供電能。鑑於光伏材料的進步、成本降低以及對可再生能源的需求不斷增長，當今市場首要將光伏能源轉化為既有應用的可行能源(如並網光伏系統)和新興應用(如可穿戴電子產品)。 在連接到交流電網的太陽能光伏系統中，光伏面板通常與一台中央轉換器串聯連接，以控制和處理光伏發電。但是，透過研究可得知，PV電池不穩定或不匹配的特性通常會導致極低的系統效率。這種失配通常是由於不同的光入射角、部分陰影、電池老化、材料性能下降等所導致。差分功率處理(DPP)轉換器的概念用於失配的條件下啟用PV電源。當只處理總PV功率的一部分時，DPP轉換器允許每個光伏面板獨立的MPPT。已研究了串聯和並聯配置的DPP轉換器方法，以及它們的優點和折衷方案。這項研究的兩個主要領域是用於並網光伏面板的DPP轉換器和可穿戴應用。 DPP光伏系統已被證明可以實現高系統效率，即使在不匹配的條件下也能保持最大功率生產。然而，大規模系統中的DPP具有復雜的導線連接和高額定電壓的挑戰。分段DPP結構作為系統擴充的方法，其利用多組雙向DPP反饋轉換器來實現最大功率點操作，同時降低轉換器功率損耗。合成數個DPP轉換器組具有最大功率點跟&#36394;(MPPT)控制的分段DPP單元，以使該單元的輸出功率最大化。透過仿真和硬件實驗驗證了分段DPP系統和控制算法。實驗結果證明，即使在嚴重的局部遮光條件下，分段式DPP裝置的系統效率仍可保持92％以上，與同等串聯的光伏系統相比，在不均勻的照明條件下，其效率可提高多達14％。未來的工作包括通過轉換器和控制算法的優化來提高轉換器效率和輸出功率。 對於可穿戴應用，柔性薄膜PV電池的最新進展已使其可在更廣泛的應用中使用。例如可穿戴和生物醫學設備之類的新興應用通常僅依賴於頻繁的更換電池。利用周圍的太陽能供電，可以提高可靠性並減少對電池的依賴。但是，可穿戴應用在多個PV電池上會遇到光的強度變化，這嚴重降低了傳統串聯電池配置中的PV發電量。同樣，在這些非均勻照明條件下，差分功率處理(DPP)系統配置的概念用於優化PV功率利用率。 在輸出電壓較低的系統中，例如需要5V輸出的可穿戴應用，並聯DPP系統比並網太陽能應用中使用的串聯DPP系統更有效。同樣，已經發現並行DPP轉換器解決方案對於預期光強度不均勻應用中的PV功率更有效。對於光伏供電袋子的應用，並行DPP配置與DC-DC轉換器一起使用。該DPP轉換器利用開關頻率為200 kHz的低功率單端初級電感器轉換器實現。獨立實現每個PV的最大功率點跟&#36394;(MPPT)，以最大化產生的PV功率並有效地為負載充電。同時實現MPPT和功率縮減的系統控制策略，以實現負載和PV電源的功率平衡。實驗結果證明，系統控制獨立地最大化了每個光伏面板並適當地平衡了功率，同時保持在可接受的溫度範圍內。與SEPIC效率相比，並行DPP架構的系統效率提高了14.9％。未來的工作包括提高轉換器的效率，減少控制器的功率損耗以及減小系統的總尺寸。 第一年，使用玉山計劃資金於五篇期刊文章，其中兩篇是國際期刊的通訊作者文章，以及發表四篇國際論文，其中兩篇是通訊作者論文。正在準備另外兩篇期刊文章，並且在第二年將至少提交另外兩篇會議論文。<br> Abstract: We are now facing the critical challenge of continuing to advance society and technology around the world while mitigating its negative environmental impacts. Despite concerns over anthropogenic climate change, many societies are still reluctant to give up fossil fuels and resource-intensive technologies. As countries continue to develop, the global demand for energy, transportation, and consumer electronics will further increase. This research addresses these demands by utilizing solar photovoltaic (PV) sources to provide clean power for the power grid and to directly power personal electronic devices. This work develops power electronics and control methods to effectively leverage PV power for a range of mobile electronic applications. Two primary applications are grid-connected PV systems and wearable electronics. In today’s market, panel prices are decreasing while PV efficiencies are increasing. These applications can benefit from integrated PV cells that provide power from ambient light sources. Given the advances in PV materials, lower costs, and growing demand for renewable energy sources, the current market is prime to transform PV energy into a viable source for both established applications, like grid-connected PV system, and emerging applications, like wearable electronics. In solar PV systems connected to the ac power grid, PV panels are typically connected in series strings with one central converter to control and process the PV’s power. However, it is well known through research that imbalances or mismatch in the PV cell characteristics often result in extremely low system efficiency. This mismatch typically occurs due to different light incidence angles, partial shading, cell aging, material degradation, etc. The concept of differential power processing (DPP) converters are utilized to enable PV power for mismatched conditions. DPP converters allow for independent MPPT of each PV panel while only processing a portion of the total PV power. DPP converter approaches in series and parallel configurations have been studied, along with their advantages and trade-offs. Two major areas studies in this research are DPP converters for grid-connected PV panels and a wearable bag application. For grid-connected PV panels, differential power processing (DPP) for PV systems can achieve high system efficiency and maintain maximum power production even under mismatched conditions. However, DPP in large systems have challenges of complicated wire connections and high voltage ratings. The segmented DPP structure has been proposed as a scalable approach that utilizes groups of bidirectional DPP power converters to achieve maximum power point operation while minimizing converter power loss. Groups of a few DPP converters are combined into a segmented DPP unit with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control to maximize output power of the unit. The segmented DPP system and control algorithm have been verified through simulation and hardware experimentation. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the control algorithm with multiple segmented DPP units operating with an inverter. Experimental results verify that system efficiency of the segmented DPP unit is maintained over 92% even in severe partial shading conditions and shows an increase of up to 14% in uneven lighting conditions compared to an equivalent series-connected PV system. Future work includes increasing converter efficiency and output power through converter and control algorithm optimization. For wearable applications, recent advances in flexible thin-film PV cells have allowed for their utilization in a wider range of applications. Emerging applications such as wearable and biomedical devices often rely solely on batteries that are troublesome to replace. Powering these kinds of applications from ambient solar energy can improve reliability and reduce battery reliance. However, wearable applications experience varying light intensities over multiple PV cells that severely reduce PV power generation in traditional series string configurations. Again, the concept of differential power processing (DPP) system configuration is used to optimize PV power utilization under these nonuniform lighting conditions. In systems where the output voltage is lower, as in the wearable bag application that required 5 V output, a parallel DPP system is more effective than a series DPP system used in grid-connected solar applications. Also, the parallel DPP converter solution has been found to be more effective for PV power for applications where non-uniform light intensities are expected. For the PV-powered bag application, a parallel DPP configuration is used along with a dc-dc converter. This DPP converter is implemented utilizing a low-power single-ended primary-inductor converter at 200 kHz switching frequency. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of each PV is independently achieved to maximize generated PV power and efficiently charge the load. A system control strategy that achieves both MPPT and power curtailment is implemented to achieve power balance of the load and PV source. Experimental results verify that the system control independently maximizes each PV panel and properly balances the power, while staying with an acceptable temperature range. System efficiency of the parallel DPP architecture was improved 14.9% compared to the SEPIC efficiency. Future work includes increasing the efficiency of the converter, reducing controller power loss, and reducing the total size of the system. During the first year, the Yushan Program enabled the funding of five journals articles, two of which were corresponding-author articles in international journals. It also enabled the presentation and publication of four international papers, two of which were corresponding-author papers. Two additional journals articles are in preparation and at least two additional conference papers will be submitted during the second year.電力電子太陽能光伏DC-DC轉換器控制最大功率點跟&#36394功率優化Power ElectronicsSolar PowerPhotovoltaicsDC-DC ConvertersControlMaximum Power Point TrackingPower Optimization