吳先琪Wu, Shian-Chee臺灣大學:環境工程學研究所陳麗華Chen, Li-HuaLi-HuaChen2010-05-102018-06-282010-05-102018-06-282009U0001-0807200917592700http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/181584本研究為探討不同pH值、陽離子種類及腐植酸濃度下奈米氧化鋅分散性，以分析奈米氧化鋅懸浮液的上層總鋅濃度及表面電位，進而探討奈米氧化鋅之分散效率。果顯示，於表面電位分析說明氧化鋅的pHIEP~8，在pH值靠近等電點越容易聚集，故pH值為9時，奈米氧化鋅懸浮效果差。在陽離子種類分析方面，於奈米氧化鋅懸浮液中分別添加KCl及CaCl2，以DLVO理論計算懸浮液顆粒間之能量變化，結果顯示鉀離子之懸浮液產生的能障較鈣離子高，故添加鉀離子之奈米氧化鋅懸浮液之顆粒分散效果較佳，相較於含鈣離子之穩定性約可提升20%。後，探討腐植酸(Humic acid)存在對奈米氧化鋅懸浮液之影響。添加低腐植酸濃度時奈米氧化鋅懸浮液的表面電位由30.7±1.13mV降至-3.93±3.32mV，顆粒間靜電排斥力降低，容易碰撞形成大顆粒，使沉降速率增加，故奈米氧化鋅懸浮性僅為20%。高腐植酸濃度下，帶負電荷的腐植酸包覆於奈米氧化鋅顆粒表面，使顆粒表面轉為帶負電荷，靜電排斥力也增加，顆粒懸浮性較低腐植酸濃度增高60%。鍵字:奈米氧化鋅; 腐植酸; DLVO 理論;凡得瓦爾力This study was mainly focused on the behavior of aqueous nano-zinc-oxide under different pH, concentration of cations and humic acid. The amount of the stably dispersed nano-zinc-oxide was determined by measuring the total particle concentration in the supernatant (detected by atomic absorption spectrometry) and zeta potential of the particle surface.The results showed that the nano-zinc-oxide existed mainly in dissolved form, at lower pH(<8),and the amount of zinc particles in the supernatant could not be determined. On the contrary, under higher pH the nano-zinc-oxide particles formed aggregated easily when the pH of the solution equaled approximately to 8, the isoelectric point (IEP).The effects of the concentration of cations on nano-zinc-oxide aggregation and dispersion were investigated by adding 0.1mM KCl or CaCl2 to the nano-zinc-oxide suspensions. The variations of the energy barrier between supernatant nano-zinc-oxide particles were calculated by using Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The results revealed that the energy barrier between particles in the presence of K+ was higher than that of Ca2+, and the efficiency of nano-zinc-oxide dispersion by adding K+ was higher than that with Ca2+ by 20%. Besides, the nano-zinc-oxide dispersion was also affected by the presence of humic acid ( a naturally occuringe organic matter in the aquatic environment). Under lower humic acid concentrations(0.5 to 50 mg/L), due to that the zeta potential of the nano-zinc-oxide decreased from 30.7 ± 1.13 mV from without humic acid to -3.93 ± 3.32 mV and the static-electric repulsion between particles diminished, there were dramatic particle collision and sedimentation. The stably dispersed nano-zinc-oxide in the supernatant was only 20%. However, with higher humic acid concentration(2.0 to 50 mg/L), the concentration of the stably dispersed nano-zinc-oxide was higher than that with lower humic aicd concentration by 60% due to that the surface of nano-zinc-oxide particles were thoroughly covered with negatively charged humic acid, and the static-electric repulsion increased significantly.eywords: nano zinc oxidep; humic acid; DLVO theory; Van der Waalsorces中文摘要文摘要錄 I目錄 V目錄 IX一章 前言 1.1 研究緣起 1.2 研究目的與內容 4二章 文獻回顧 5.1奈米氧化鋅 5.1.1 奈米氧化鋅的應用 5.1.2氧化鋅 (ZnO) 於水體中之型態 5.2奈米顆粒於水環境下之穩定性 7.2.1不同pH 值對奈米顆粒之影響 8.2.2 不同離子種類與濃度對奈米顆粒之影響 8.2.3添加不同有機物質對奈米顆粒之變化 8.3水中有機物之來源及成分 10.3.1水中主要有機物-腐植質 10.3.2腐植酸受水環境之影響 13.3.3 腐植酸與奈米顆粒之反應 14.3.4 天然有機物與奈米顆粒鍵結行為 16.4 奈米顆粒間之作用力 17.4.1 DLVO 理論 17.4.1.1凡得瓦爾力 18.4.1.2 電荷排斥力 18.4.2 DLVO內部作用能量 19.4.3 立體屏障 20三章 研究方法 22.1研究架構 22.2奈米懸浮液之製備 24.2.1 以磁石攪拌方式製備奈米懸浮液 24.2.2 以超音波破碎機配製奈米懸浮液 25.3 奈米顆粒於水溶液中之分析 26.3.1 奈米顆粒於水溶液下之總量分析 26.3.2以0.1 μm濾紙過濾奈米懸浮液之溶解態分析 26 3.5奈米氧化鋅之分析方法 27.3.3 粒徑分析 27.4 奈米顆粒於不同水環境下之試驗 27.4.1 pH值對奈米顆粒之影響 27.4.2陽離子對奈米顆粒之影響 28.5 腐植酸與奈米顆粒之反應 28.5.1腐植酸配製及分析方法 29.5.2 奈米懸浮顆粒在不同濃度腐植質溶液中之沉降試驗 29.5.3 奈米顆粒在不同pH值之腐植酸溶液中之沉降試驗 29.5.4奈米顆粒在不同鈣離子濃度之腐植酸溶液中之沉降試驗 30.6 奈米顆粒與腐植酸之吸附試驗 30.6.1 吸附動力試驗 30.6.2 吸附平衡試驗 30.7 水庫水及工業廢水中之沉降試驗 31.8 奈米顆粒之特性分析 32.8.1 火焰式原子吸收光譜 (AA)法 32.8.2 傅立葉紅外線轉換光譜分析 (FIIR)法 32.8.3奈米粒徑暨界面電位量測 33四章 結果與討論 36.1 奈米氧化鋅懸浮液之配製 36.1.1配製方法與粒徑之關係 36.1.1.1 磁石攪拌法 36.1.1.2超音波破碎法 37.1.2沉降試驗 38.2 奈米氧化鋅顆粒於水環境下之穩定性 40.2.1不同pH值下奈米氧化鋅之沉降試驗 40.2.2 不同陽離子濃度下奈米氧化鋅之沉降試驗 43.3奈米懸浮顆粒於腐植酸溶液中之懸浮試驗 50.3.1 不同腐植酸種類之懸浮性分析 50.3.1 於不同濃度腐植酸溶液中之沉降試驗 52.3.1.1奈米氧化鋅於不同腐植酸濃度的吸附試驗 55.3.1.2 FTIR分析結果 57.3.2於不同pH值下腐植酸溶液之沉降試驗 62.3.3 不同腐植酸濃度及鈣離子濃度下奈米氧化鋅之沉降試驗 65.3.4在含不同鈣離子濃度及含腐植酸之奈米氧化鋅沉降試驗 66.4 於水庫水與工業廢水下奈米氧化鋅之沉降試驗 69五章 結論與建議 72.1 結論 72.2 建議 74考文獻 75錄A 附-1application/pdf2229175 bytesapplication/pdfen-US奈米氧化鋅腐植酸DLVO 理論凡得瓦爾力nano zinc oxidehumic acidDLVO theoryVan der Waalsthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/181584/1/ntu-98-R96541118-1.pdf