2020-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/700318摘要：本研究計劃旨在採取政治經濟學的視角，來探討中國金融科技的崛起與「中國威權資本主義」的「再集權化」之間繁複的關係。自2004年阿里巴巴集團推出支付寶平台以來，中國的金融科技市場經歷了倍數的成長，且市場主要為屈指可數的企業所寡占，目前支付寶的母公司螞蟻金服在中國的市佔率超過50％，近年來也在海外積極拓展。主導中國金融科技發展的企業，既非國有銀行、國有企業，也非外國科技公司，而是私有網路科技企業。 一方面，本計劃將探究中央政府管理金融科技企業模式的演變多大程度是中國威權資本主義再集權化的縮影。藉由梳理自2000年以來中央政府治理金融科技產業的沿革，並深入分析中央政府從對金融科技產業採取「放權」的措施、鼓勵企業創新，到實施「再集權化」的治理、強化央行對金融科技部門由上而下的管制，本研究預期能增進學界對中國威權資本主義、以及政企關係演變的深刻認識。 另一方面，先前研究指出，中國金融科技技術的長足發展，具體表現在兩個層面：一為支付寶促成全國電子支付系統的通用，原本中國不存在全國統一的信用卡與金融卡支付系統（Shim and Shin 2016）；二是淘寶網平台法規的設置與實行也緩解了原先省政府之間零售貿易規則不一的問題(Liu and Weingast 2019)。然而，先前研究者並未進一步探討金融科技發展對威權政體再集權化的政治意涵。因此，本研究計畫將深入探討中國金融科技技術的發展以及網路科技公司的壯大，多大程度地強化了中國威權資本主義的再集權化，以及金融科技在威權強化的過程中發揮了什麼作用機制。 在研究方法方面，我會採取專家訪談、政策分析以及企業治理分析。一手資料來源為訪談中國金融科技企業顧問（他們對市場多家企業的發展路徑以及營運狀況都有專業性了解）、中國與外國財經學者與記者、以及在阿里巴巴集團與螞蟻金服工公司的職員。在全球疫情趨緩以前以Skype訪談為主。次級資料來源包括中國中央政府自2000年以來對金融科技產業的政策與規範、顧問公司與智庫對中國金融科技市場的分析報告、以及中國與國外財經學者與記者分析中國金融科技企業的著作。 <br> Abstract: Aiming to shed fresh light on the state-enterprise relationship with the advent of fintech, this study will address the research question concerning the extent to which fintech is developed in relation to the consolidation of China’s ‘recentralised authoritarian capitalism’. Having been established in 2004, AliPay served as a third-party-payment platform for buyers and sellers on the Taobao online marketplace, in the first place. Over the years, AliPay has grown exponentially and has dominated the digital payment market, from online stores to brick and motor in China. In recent years, Ant Financial, the company that owns AliPay, has been expanding its businesses overseas. Drawing on the political economy perspective, this article will unravel the complex mutual shaping relationship between the rise of fintech and the consolidation of ‘recentralised authoritarian capitalism’, before which the Chinese authoritarian capitalism was featured in ‘decentralisation’ in terms of the Party-state’s delegation of power to private corporations for burgeoning the fintech industry. I will examine the extent to which the central government`s changing regulations for the fintech industry is a key manifestation of the recentralisation of authoritarian capitalism. In addition, I will also discuss how the fintech innovation led by the corporations may have facilitated the consolidation of recentralised authoritarian capitalism in China. This study will draw from first-hand data collected through expert interviews, and second-hand data gained from news reports, publications of financial scholars and financial journalists in China, as well as reports published by consulting firms which have researched the fintech industry in China. I will apply a thematic analysis method to systematically analyse these data and use Nvivo as the primary software to code these data.金融科技中國威權資本主義再集權化FintechChinaauthoritarian capitalismrecentralisation of power