2010-03-312024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/664349摘要:地表水(水庫、河川)及地下水為我國民生用水之主要來源,然由於現階段對點源與非點源之污染管理未臻完善,致使部分公共給水水源遭受不同程度污染,恐有影響水質安全之虞。然而隨國內生活水準普遍提升,民眾對水質、水量及服務品質等要求亦隨之增加,並基於新興污染物(Compounds of Emergency Concern)可能造成人體健康安全危害之考量,公共給水水源與水質標準實有必要逐年檢討、修訂與增加。行政院環境保護署近年來持續檢討及研訂飲用水管理相關管制標準與項目,並執行各項污染物背景資料調查分析。例如戴奧辛、鹵乙酸與疑似環境荷爾蒙物質,及其他相關農藥、揮發性有機物與致病性微生物等,雖目前尚未列入管制項目,然在已知其確會對人體健康有負面影響之下,環保署計畫逐年將其納入新增列管之污染物候選清單(Contaminant Candidate List)。 有鑑於此,本(四年)計畫基於環保署建議之候選清單,並依據新興污染物在公共給水系統中可能潛在對人體健康的風險,依輕重緩急評析其優先次序,階段性納入監測項目。在工程層面,評估傳統及高級處理單元去除新興污染物效能與成本,並彙整具代表性之淨水場處理效能,提出可行改善策略;在環境層面,除進行現地採樣建立分析其背景濃度外,並建立公共給水系統中新興污染物宿命分析;同時依據行政之考量,訂定適合我國之新興污染物管制規範,及公共給水系統中最大許可濃度,並將其納入淨水場績效評鑑之一環。最後藉由國際合作交流,將國內公共給水主管機關及業者對於新興污染物監測、處理、以及評估能力與國際接軌。 承上(98)年度計畫結果,建議我國公共給水系統中新興污染物管制架構,內容包括新興污染物管理與控制、水源水質保護、淨水場效能評鑑、確保供水系統安全。上年度共抽驗國內10座淨水場原水、沉澱、快濾、清水中25個檢驗項目,建立3000筆水質資料。在大多數清水之HAA濃度均可控制於相當濃度之下;而環境荷爾蒙方面,多數水樣可檢測出少量雙酚A,而NP則廣泛存在於各單元中,部分淨水場原水中發現微囊藻毒。上述污染物濃度暫不構成健康影響。淨水場最佳化方面,現有傳統處理程序對鹵乙酸、壬基酚及雙酚A之控制能力有限,而實驗室單元操作已完成臭氧、NF薄膜及奈米碳管吸附三項實驗,主要探討對壬基酚與雙酚A之去除效率,顯示各高級處理單元對上述新興污染物均有相當之去除能力。因此,99年度將依據原水來源地區,包含全台灣主要之公共給水來源及水利設施選取共15座淨水場採樣分析工作,加以彙整國內公共給水系統對新興污染物處理效能;而在實驗室操作上,持續進行連續性單元操作程序,評估單元及處理系統對新興污染物之去除能力;並建立國際知名淨水場雙邊合作交流提案,以利國內公共給水系統發展趨勢。<br> Abstract: Both surface water and groundwater are the main sources for water supply in Taiwan. Unfortunately, insufficient treatment and control for point and/or non-point pollutant discharges contaminate the source eaters and threaten the public health consequently. Under the consideration of public health, it is necessary to review and establish the regulations or standards for contaminant of emerging concern (CEC). For these years, the Environmental Protection Administration (ROCEPA) has been continuing to review the regulations or standards of contaminants such as dioxins, haloacetic acids, endocrine disrupting chemicals, pesticides/herbicides, and pathogens, and subsume them into the “Contaminant Candidate List (CCLs)” step by step. Based on the ROCEPA’s CCLs as well as the health risk, this project is dedicated to establish the list and priority of CEC in the public water supply system. In engineering aspect, this project is trying to evaluate the performance of both conventional and advanced treatment processes for optimization. In environment aspect, we are trying to establish the environmental database as well as to analysis the fate and distribution. Meanwhile, this project will also establish the maximum contamination level or guideline value for these CECs in the public water supply system. Finally, via international collaboration, it is expected to promote the public water administrations and industries for the evaluation of monitoring, treatment, and risk assessment for contaminant of emerging concern.新興污染物公共給水系統風險評估Contaminant of emerging concernPublic water supply systemRisk assessment新興污染物監測、評估、處理及風險評估之研究(2/4)