2007-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/704148摘要：為探究宇宙極高能微中子，即所謂「GZK微中子」(~1018eV)，目前國際上有幾個深具前瞻性、立足於「阿斯卡瑞安效應」（Askaryan effect）的探測計劃。其中最先行的ANITA計劃已於2006-2007年冬季在南極成功地施放高空汽球觀測，並已向美國太空總署（NASA）申請於2008-2009年冬季進行第二次飛行（ANITA-2）。本計劃之一，即為加入ANITA-2以參與發現第一粒GZK微中子。若要進一步了解GZK微中子並透過它在粒子天文物理及宇宙學最前沿做重大發現，則必須建造更大面積的天線陣列。我們在ANITA之後的目標是探究在南極建造大面積天線陣列以大量測獲GZK微中子的可行性。目前國際上有兩個類似的構想。其一為位於Ross Ice Shelf的ARIANNA計劃。此計劃目前已向美國國家科學基金會(NSF)申請其Phase A。另一構想則位於南極最頂端，與已建造之IceCube相連繫。本計劃之二，即為積極加入國際合作研發此二構想之可行性。預計至2008年夏季，此二構想之優劣當趨明朗。屆時將擇其優者，與國際團隊共同建造大面積天線陣列以期「量產」GZK微中子。除了這些以南極冰層為靶的計劃之外，我們亦不忽略以大鹽礦為靶的SalSA計劃之可行性，做為後補。<br> Abstract: In recent years a new class of cosmic neutrino projects based on the novel Askaryan effect promises the breakthrough in detecting and investigating the highly sought cosmogenic GZK neutrinos (~1018eV). One such leading project, ANITA, has made its first successful balloon flight in Antarctica in the winter of 2006-2007 and is currently applying to NASA for a second flight (ANITA-2) in December 2008-January 2009. It stands the best chance to discover the first GZK neutrino. As the first component of this proposal, we propose to participate in ANITA-2 and contribute to the initial discovery of the first GZK neutrino. To go beyond the initial discovery phase, it is essential to develop new projects that would cover a much larger detection volume. Our intention is to purse a large planar radio array atop the Antarctic ice for harvesting GZK neutrinos. A formal proposal has been submitted to NSF for the construction of a prototype array on the Ross Ice Shelf (ARIANNA, Phase A), while a similar array at South Pole Station, in conjunction with the IceCube array, also looks promising. If either prototype will be successful, the full-scale version would improve the detection sensitivity over ANITA by several orders of magnitude, which would provide sufficient statistics for frontier neutrino particle physics and astrophysics discoveries. We propose, as the second component of this proposal, to study both options for one year until summer of 2008 as a first step. We are confident that by then the development should become sufficiently matured to allow us to focus on one project from then on. The SalSA project, which also relies on the Askaryan effect while invokes salt instead of ice as target, is equally novel and worthy of keeping track of its development. It should serve as a back-up for the above-mentioned Antarctic ice-based projects.宇宙微中子粒子天文物理極高能宇宙射線宇宙學Cosmic neutrinoparticle astrophysicsultra high energy cosmic raycosmology