呂學士臺灣大學：電子工程學研究所周鴻達Chou, Hung-TaHung-TaChou2007-11-272018-07-102007-11-272018-07-102006http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/57400無線傳輸技術在近年來大幅進步，在不同的領域應用都快速的發展，其中，無線生醫訊號系統是非常熱門的研究領域之一。本論文的目標在設計一套適合傳送生醫訊號的無線傳輸介面。此介面的要求為低耗電、中等傳輸速率、高正確性。 頻移鍵入 (Frequency-Shift-Keying) 調變符合以上三個條件，適合此類系統使用。 調變器使用一分數型所相迴路（Fractional-N Phase-Locked Loop）。其優點為容易改變頻率實現調變、產生頻率準確。分數型架構讓鎖定速度、迴路頻寬和頻率解析度可以同時達到相當好的表現。三角積分調變器（Delta-Sigma Modulator）也用在此架構中，以減低雜訊效應。 接收機採用直接降頻的方式來進行解調。低雜訊放大器放大接收到的微弱訊號後，集柏特混波器（Gilbert Mixer）將之與本地振盪器(Local Oscillator)產生的訊號混波，包含資訊的訊號被降至基頻（Baseband）。此訊號經由限制放大器 (Limiting Amplifier) 放大，其振幅將達到最大，趨近於方波波形，可被當成數位訊號處理。一個數位式的解調器接在限制放大器之後，以計算週期長度的方式，把資訊解調Wireless technique has greatly improved in recent years. Applications in many different field arise quickly. Biomedical-signal wireless sensor system is one of the hottest research targets. The objective of this thesis is to design a wireless interface suitable for biomedical signals. The requirements of such a interface are low power consumption、medium transmission speed and high precision. Frequency-shift-keying fits in with these requirements and is adopted. A fractional-N type phase-locked loop is used as the modulator. It has the advantages of convenience to change the frequency and high precision. Fractional-N architecture allows the lock speed、loop bandwidth and frequency resolution to be optimized at the same time. A delta-sigma modulator is also used to reduce noise. The receiver adopts direct conversion topology. Low noise amplifier enhances the weak received signal and a Gilbert mixer down-converts it to baseband by mixing it with the local oscillator signal. A limiting amplifier limits the down-converted signal to rail-to-rail level assembling the waveform of a square wave witch can be view as digital pulses. A counter-based digital demodulator extracts the data.Contets Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Motivation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 Thesis Organization…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Chapter 2 Communication System…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 2.1 Communication Systems…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 2.2 Digital Communication Systems………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 2.3 Wilreless Digital Modulations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Chapter 3 BFSK Transmitter…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 3.1 Transmitter architecture…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 3.2 Fractional-N Phase-Locked Loop…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 3.2.1 Phase-Locked Loop architectures…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 3.2.2 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 3.2.3 Frequency Dividers…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 3.2.4 Phase-Frequency Detector…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 3.2.5 Charge Pump…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 3.2.6 Loop Filter…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 3.2.7 Delta-Sigma Modulator…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 Chapter 4 BFSK Receiver…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 4.1 Receiver archetecture…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 4.2 Receiver Building Blocks…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 4.2.1 Low Noise Amplifier…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 4.2.2 Gilbert Mixer…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 35 4.2.3 Limiting Amplifier…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40 4.2.4 Digital Demodulator…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43 Chapter 5 Measurement…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46 5.1 PLL Measurement Setup…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46 5.1.1 PLL Measurement Setup………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46 5.1.2 VCO Measurement Result………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 49 5.1.3 PLL Measurement Result………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50 5.2 Receiver Mearsurement Result…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 53 5.2.1 LNA Measurement Result………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 53 5.2.2 Mixer Measurement Result………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55 5.2.3 Limiter Measurement Result………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 561793053 bytesapplication/pdfen-US頻移鍵入收發機生醫訊號Frequency-Shift-KeyingTransceiverBio-Medicalthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/57400/1/ntu-95-R93943143-1.pdf