陳義雄臺灣大學:生化科學研究所湯智斌Tang, Jyh-BingJyh-BingTang2007-11-262018-07-062007-11-262018-07-062006http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/52739雄性哺乳動物射精之後,精子可以迅速泳動,但是卻缺乏與卵子受精的能力;必須在雌性生殖道內經過一段時間的修飾,這個過程稱之為獲能反應(capacitation)。哺乳動物精子進行獲能反應的分子基礎,不論是在雌性生殖道裡的體內反應(in vivo)或是在試管中誘導的體外反應(in vitro),其機制到目前為止仍不甚清楚。然而根據先前的研究顯示,精子進行獲能反應時,會受到環狀腺核甘酸單磷酸-依賴性(cAMP-dependent)蛋白激酶(protein kinase)的調控,使得許多蛋白質分子的酪胺酸殘基被磷酸化(tyrosine phosphorylation)。利用二維膠體電泳搭配西方轉漬技術(Western blot)分離了小鼠精子獲能反應後細胞萃取物中的酪胺酸磷酸化蛋白,其中一個分子量為130 kDa的蛋白分子經過胰蛋白酶(trypsin)分解及質譜儀的分析,得到六個寡胜肽的序列片段,經過資料庫的比對,鑑定出這個蛋白分子是一個廣泛表現且高度保留的CCCTC-結合轉錄因子(CCCTC-binding nuclear factor;CTCF)。進一步利用免疫沉澱(immunoprecipitation)搭配西方轉漬技術,也發現獲能反應後的精子細胞萃取物經過與抗CTCF的抗體培養一段時間後,其結合沉澱物分別利用另一種抗CTCF的抗體以及抗磷酸酪胺酸抗體進行西方轉漬分析,均可以偵測出一個130 kDa的蛋白訊號;這些結果均證明在獲能反應後的小鼠精子內有酪胺酸磷酸化CTCF蛋白的存在。而間接免疫螢光染色(indirect immunofluorescent staining)的結果顯示,CTCF位於精子的頂體(acrosome)部位。進一步以乙型澱粉樣蛋白前驅物(amyloidThe molecular basis of mammalian sperm capacitation, the process to acquire the ability to fertilize the oocyte in the female genital tract in a time-dependent manner, either in vivo in the female reproductive tract or in vitro, is poorly understood. It is well known that sperm capacitation is associated with a cyclic AMP-dependent increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of a subset of proteins. We resolved the phosphoproteins in the cell lysate of mouse sperm after capacitation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Among the protein targets, one tyrosine-phosphorylated 130-kDa protein spot was trypsin-digested, and six oligopeptide sequences were further established from the trypsin digests by mass spectral analysis. These data were completely confirmed in a CCCTC-binding nuclear factor (CTCF), a widely expressed and highly conserved nuclear factor. Although we were unable to determine the exact site of phosphorylation of CTCF for the time being, we did demonstrate, using a cross-immunoprecipitation approach, that this protein is tyrosine phosphorylated during capacitation. Both an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody and an anti-CTCF antibody showed immunoreactivity to a 130-kDa component in the immunoprecipitates obtained after incubation of the cell lysate from the capacitated sperm using another anti-CTCF antibody. The data support the presence of a tyrosine-phosphorylated CTCF in the capacitated mouse sperm. Immunolocalization of the CTCF revealed fluorescent staining in the acrosome region in both capacitated and incapacitated sperm. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay, using a CTCF target sequence 5’-GGCGGCGCCGCTAGGGGTCTCTCT-3’ found in the promoter of the amyloid英文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 中文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 縮寫表------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 第一章、概論--------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 1.1.精子的發育與成熟----------------------------------------------------------------7 1.2.精子的獲能反應(capacitation)----------------------------------------------10 1.3.精子獲能作用與蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸化(tyrosine phosphorylation)的關係------------------------------------------------------12 1.4.CCCTC-結合轉錄因子(CCCTC-binding nuclear factor, CTCF) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 1.5.蛋白質體學(Proteomics)------------------------------------------------------16 1.6.研究背景-----------------------------------------------------------------------------18 1.7.本論文研究重點------------------------------------------------------------------19 1.8.本論文的研究結果顯示--------------------------------------------------------19 第二章、實驗材料與方法----------------------------------------------------------21 2.1.藥品與材料-------------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.1.1.實驗動物----------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.1.2.實驗耗材----------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.1.3.抗體----------------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.1.4.其它藥品----------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.2.實驗步驟及方法------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.2.1.精子的製備-------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.2.2.精子生理狀態的觀察-------------------------------------------------------22 2.2.3.精子獲能反應的誘發-------------------------------------------------------23 2.2.4.精子細胞頂體的完整性觀察----------------------------------------------23 2.2.5.間接免疫螢光染色法(indirect immunofluorescence staining)-------24 2.2.6.還原性硫酸十二酯鈉聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳分析法(reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS/PAGE)--25 2.2.7.硝酸銀染色(silver nitrate staining)---------------------------------------26 2.2.8.西方轉漬法(Western blotting)---------------------------------------------27 2.2.9.二維電泳(two-dimensional gel electrophoresis)------------------------28 2.2.10.Colloidal silver staining----------------------------------------------------29 2.2.11.蛋白質定量------------------------------------------------------------------29 2.2.12.In-gel trypsin digestion-----------------------------------------------------30 2.2.13.串聯式質譜儀分析(tandem mass spectrometry analysis)-----------32 2.2.14.資料庫比對(database search)--------------------------------------------32 2.2.15.免疫沉澱(immunoprecipitation)-----------------------------------------33 2.2.16.電泳膠體移動率遲緩試驗(electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA)----------------------------------------------------------------------33 2.2.17.精子蛋白質的分部收集(protein fractionation)-----------------------34 第三章、研究結果----------------------------------------------------------------------36 3.1.精子獲能反應所伴隨的蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸化修飾-----------------36 3.2.精子的獲能作用引發CTCF蛋白的酪胺酸磷酸化修飾-----------37 3.3.CTCF位於精子的頂體區域--------------------------------------------------40 3.4.酪胺酸磷酸化的CTCF對於其核酸辨認序列有較高的結合能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40 第四章、研究討論與未來展望--------------------------------------------------42 4.1.精子獲能作用與蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸化之調節------------------------42 4.2.利用蛋白質體學技術大規模篩檢磷酸化蛋白------------------------43 4.3.小鼠精子獲能反應引發CTCF蛋白的酪胺酸磷酸化修飾-------44 4.4.酪胺酸磷酸化CTCF在精子中所扮演的功能-------------------------46 4.5.未來展望-----------------------------------------------------------------------------48 第五章、參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------50 第六章、附錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------98 6.1.Tris/Glycine SDS-Polyacrylamide gel配方-----------------------------98 6.2.作者歷年來發表之相關著作-----------------------------------------------100 圖次 圖一、利用chlortetracycline(CTC)染色法區別小鼠精子的生理狀態------------------------------------------------------------------------------71 圖二、以CTC染色法檢測精子於不同的培養時間,在HM溶液、37℃-5% CO2的條件下,BSA與Ca2+的添加與否對其進行獲能反應的影響---------------------------------------------------------73 圖三、利用Coomassie Brilliant Blue染色劑偵測精蟲頂體之完整性以判別精蟲是否已進行頂體反應------------------------------------75 圖四、小鼠精子進行獲能反應時,細胞內蛋白質磷酸化程度的變化---------------------------------------------------------------------------------77 圖五、獲能反應後的小鼠精子蛋白成分之二維電泳圖譜及酪胺酸磷酸化作用的西方轉漬分析-------------------------------------------79 圖六、西方轉漬顯影完畢的nitrocellulose membrane以colloidal silver染色以呈現蛋白成分---------------------------------------------81 圖七、以串聯式電噴灑質譜儀決定小鼠精子蛋白中130 kDa酪胺酸磷酸化蛋白的胺基酸序列-------------------------------------------83 圖八、小鼠精子中CTCF蛋白的表現及抗體專一性測試--------------85 圖九、CTCF於不同處理精子蛋白萃取物中的免疫偵測---------------87 圖十、以間接免疫螢光染色技術偵測CTCF在精子中的存在部位-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------89 圖十一、小鼠精子蛋白分部收集的西方轉漬分析以決定CTCF的存在部位------------------------------------------------------------------91 圖十二、不同處理後小鼠精子中的CTCF對其DNA辨認序列的電泳移動率遲緩試驗(EMSA)-----------------------------------------93 表次 表一、精子獲能反應中進行酪胺酸磷酸化修飾的標的蛋白身份鑑定一覽表-----------------------------------------------------------------------95 表二、CTCF經質譜分析所鑑定出序列的胜肽片段及其在蛋白初級結構的位置-------------------------------------------------------------------974248768 bytesapplication/pdfen-US精子獲能反應酪胺酸磷酸化電泳移動率遲緩試驗sperm capacitationtyrosine phosphorylationelectrophoretic mobility shift assay小鼠精子獲能反應引發CCCTC-結合轉錄因子酪胺酸磷酸化之研究Identification of a tyrosine-phosphorylated CCCTC-binding nuclear factor in capacitated mouse spermatozoaotherhttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/52739/1/ntu-95-D90242003-1.pdf