李世光臺灣大學：工程科學及海洋工程學研究所邱崇瀚Chiou, Chung-HanChung-HanChiou2007-11-262018-06-282007-11-262018-06-282007http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/51035熱聲效應在兩百多年前，經由玻璃工人工作時所聽到的高音而發現，這兩百年來，經過前人的努力研究，我們目前已經對此一效應有了相當完整的定性解釋，除此之外，整合熱力學、流體力學、熱傳學、再加上聲學理論，此一領域的理論架構業已進展成為一套名為「熱聲學」的數學模型。熱聲效應顧名思義便是熱能與聲能的互相轉換，利用一定溫差可以在共振管內產生駐波聲波以及聲流現象，一般稱此為熱機模式。反之，利用輸入的聲波能量，也可以在共振管內產生一溫差，此一現象稱為冷機模式。冷機模式目前已經被利用於開發熱聲冰箱，且已獲得相當不錯的卡諾冷機效率。本論文則將從熱機模式出發，探討熱力學、流體力學、聲學、以及熱聲學，並將應用面著眼於散熱，試圖了解影響熱聲效應的所有重要參數。最後還將利用本論文所提及之各種理論，配合上實驗數據的佐證，確認了熱聲效應發生時的熱滯後效應以及影響熱聲效應的因子，大致上可以歸納為：臨界溫度梯度、共振管長度、工作流體、片堆材料、厚度與孔隙等。本論文同時還將藉由前述參數來找尋熱聲散熱裝置的最佳化設計。Thermoacoustic effect has already been discovered by glassmakers for more than 200 years. Through many scholars’ research effort, detailed qualitative analysis of thermoacoustic effect has been developed over the years. The theory of thermoacoustic and its mathematic model were developed by integrating thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and acoustics. As implied by the name, thermoacoustic effect is the transformation between heat energy and acoustical energy. Thermoacoustic heat engine can generate acoustic standing waves and acoustic streaming by a temperature difference located between heated side and cool side of a stack in a resonance tube. On the contrary, acoustic standing waves in a resonance tube can generate a temperature difference between heated side and cool side of stack. While thermoacoustic refrigerant was well developed, thermoacoustic heat engine remains within the development stage. This thesis discusses the thoughts behind the intention to integrate thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, acoustics, and thermoacoustics to examine cooling efficiency improvement in heat piles. In addition, it transforms thermoacoustic heat engine system to thermoacoustic cooling system. Utilizing the theory of thermoacoustic and experimental investigation, it identifies a hysteretic loop of onset and termination of thermoacoustic effect and it concludes by identifying some factors which may influence the behaviors of thermoacoustic effect. These newly identified factors include critical temperature difference, length of the resonance tube, working fluid and stack’s material, thickness, and porosity. By means of these factors, it tries to optimize the design of thermoacoustic cooling system.目錄 致謝 i 摘要 iii Abstract iv 目錄 v 表目錄 x 第一章 緒論 1 1-1研究背景與動機 1 1-2 文獻回顧與熱聲學演進 2 第二章 基礎理論 4 2-1 基礎熱力學 4 2-2熱聲學理論 8 2-3聲學概述 19 2-4聲流現象 21 第三章 理論數學模型與數值計算 26 3-1 熱聲效應方程式 26 3-1-1流體區內 26 3-1-2多孔材料片堆區 26 3-2 數值計算DELTAE/DSTAR 程式介紹 30 4-1 熱聲熱機裝置介紹 34 4-1-1片堆 34 4-1-2 共振管 40 4-1-3 加熱方法 44 4-2 實驗與量測設備介紹 51 第五章 實驗結果與分析討論 59 5-1 熱聲效應之啟動 59 5-2 熱聲效應啟動後的穩定狀態與熱滯後現象 62 5-3 有無熱聲效應之分析 68 5-4 片堆厚度對於熱聲效應之影響 70 5-5 片堆孔徑對於熱聲效應之影響 73 5-6 共振管長度對熱聲效應之影響 80 5-7 實驗結果總結與趨勢分析 83 第六章 結論與未來展望 86 6-1 結論 86 6-2 未來發展 87 參考文獻 882246568 bytesapplication/pdfen-US熱聲效應熱聲熱機臨界溫度梯度片堆thermoacoustic effectthermoacoustic heat enginecritical temperature differencestackthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/51035/1/ntu-96-R93525055-1.pdf