Budiawan WChen H.-CMohapatra ASingh AWang P.-CKEN-TSUNG WONGChu C.-W.2022-12-142022-12-14202209270248https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130412491&doi=10.1016%2fj.solmat.2022.111779&partnerID=40&md5=fba396c8626961e5114a9b450483de00https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/626237Defects at the grain boundaries and surfaces of metal-halide perovskite films function as non-radiative recombination centers that decrease the performance and/or stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The incorporation of additives into perovskite films can improve their quality and, thereby, provide high-performance PSCs. In this study, we introduced core-twisted tetrachloroperylene diimide (ClPDI) derivatives (n-type small molecules) into the lead iodide precursor solution and used a two-step deposition method to prepare methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films. We examined the effects of the terminal functional groups of the ClPDI derivatives—n-butyl (ClPDI-C4), dimethylaminopropyl (ClPDI-C3DMeA), and aminopropyl (ClPDI-DPA) — on their ability to control the crystallization rate and modulate the film morphology. The power conversion efficiency of the PSC prepared without an additive (15.88%) improved to 16.88 and 18.77% after incorporation of ClPDI-C4 and ClPDI-DPA, respectively, because the strong interactions between these additives and the perovskite passivated defects, slowed the rate of perovskite crystal growth, and increased the grain size. Thus, the use of ClPDI additives in perovskite films can effectively enhance both the efficiency and stability of PSCs. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.Additive; Perovskite solar cell; Tetrachloroperylene diimide; Two-step solution method[SDGs]SDG7Additives; Crystallinity; Efficiency; Grain boundaries; Iodine compounds; Layered semiconductors; Lead compounds; Metal halides; Perovskite; Cristallinity; Diimide; Grain surface; Grain-boundaries; Halide perovskites; Nonradiative recombination; Perovskite films; Solution methods; Tetrachloroperylene diimide; Two-step solution method; Perovskite solar cellsjournal article10.1016/j.solmat.2022.1117792-s2.0-85130412491